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Comparison of levels of theory for P-Cl


Click on an entry for a histogram of the values.
The subscript refers to how many bonds of that type have been calculated.
average calculated bond lengths (Å)
Methods with predefined basis sets
semi-empirical AM1 1.8419
4
PM3 2.0230
4
PM6 2.0159
16
composite G2 2.0563
4
G3 2.0563
4
G3B3 2.0835
16
G4 2.0624
16
CBS-Q 2.0562
4
molecular mechanics DREIDING 1.8770
5

average calculated bond lengths (Å)
Methods with standard basis sets
STO-3G 3-21G 3-21G* 6-31G 6-31G* 6-31G** 6-31+G** 6-311G* 6-311G** 6-31G(2df,p) 6-311+G(3df,2p) TZVP cc-pVDZ cc-pVTZ cc-pVQZ aug-cc-pVDZ aug-cc-pVTZ aug-cc-pVQZ cc-pV(D+d)Z cc-pV(T+d)Z aug-cc-pV(T+d)Z cc-pCVTZ aug-cc-pCVTZ daug-cc-pVTZ
hartree fock HF 2.1253
15
2.2307
16
2.0404
16
2.2056
16
2.0486
16
2.0485
16
2.0525
5
2.0544
16
2.0545
15
2.0425
16
2.0363
13
2.0614
16
2.0664
16
2.0459
16
2.0425
4
2.0675
16
2.0459
15
2.0401
4
2.0705
1
2.0386
12
2.0571
1
2.0578
1
2.0574
1
2.0441
15
ROHF         2.1393
2
                          2.0705
1
2.0573
1
2.0571
1
2.0578
1
2.0574
1
 
density functional LSDA 2.1435
15
2.1788
14
2.0407
14
2.2031
15
2.0546
15
2.0563
14
2.0559
14
2.0577
15
2.0595
14
2.0368
14
    2.0672
14
2.0413
14
2.0235
2
2.0659
14
2.0179
3
2.0187
2
           
BLYP 2.2003
15
2.2914
16
2.1001
16
2.2737
16
2.0694
16
2.1152
16
2.1159
16
2.1090
11
2.1263
15
2.0989
15
2.1224
1
2.1622
1
2.1270
16
2.1024
16
  2.1340
12
2.1394
1
  2.1431
1
2.1259
1
2.1244
1
2.1279
1
2.1263
1
 
B1B95 2.1511
15
2.0705
1
2.0447
15
2.2107
15
2.0543
15
2.0566
15
2.0663
14
2.0610
15
2.0610
15
2.0429
15
2.0582
1
2.0876
1
2.0695
15
2.0443
15
2.0204
3
2.0664
15
2.0088
7
2.0171
3
2.0756
1
2.0607
1
2.0600
1
2.0620
1
2.0609
1
 
B3LYP 2.1718
15
2.2572
16
2.0695
16
2.2392
16
2.0835
16
2.0835
16
2.0837
16
2.0898
16
2.0889
4
2.0684
16
2.0656
12
2.0918
16
2.0964
16
2.0727
16
2.0604
4
2.0936
8
2.0696
15
2.0573
4
2.1077
1
2.0674
12
2.0906
1
2.0941
1
2.0922
1
 
B3LYPultrafine   2.3217
1
    2.0851
15
2.1106
1
2.1111
1
2.1261
1
  2.0987
1
2.0883
1
2.1235
1
2.1307
1
2.0790
12
  2.1295
1
2.0650
16
  2.1076
1
2.0918
1
2.0907
1
2.0936
1
2.0923
1
 
B3PW91 2.1450
4
2.2390
16
2.0539
16
2.2205
16
2.0665
16
2.0665
16
2.0530
11
2.0705
16
2.0669
4
2.0517
16
2.0702
1
2.1031
1
2.0789
16
2.0557
16
  2.0848
12
2.0036
4
  2.0884
1
2.0730
1
2.0725
1
2.0747
1
2.0738
1
 
mPW1PW91 2.1383
4
2.2306
16
2.0487
4
2.2136
15
2.0591
16
2.0592
16
2.0591
16
2.0630
16
2.0646
15
2.0468
15
2.0635
1
2.0940
1
2.0717
16
2.0470
8
  2.0775
12
2.0763
1
  2.0799
1
2.0666
1
2.0660
1
2.0681
1
2.0672
1
 
M06-2X 2.1694
1
2.2776
1
2.0444
16
2.2334
1
2.0576
16
2.0802
1
2.0803
1
2.0910
1
2.0910
1
1.9989
4
2.0376
16
2.0910
1
2.1004
1
1.9995
4
  2.1020
1
1.9992
4
  2.0812
1
2.0662
1
2.0658
1
2.0672
1
2.0666
1
 
PBEPBE 2.1599
4
2.2611
15
2.0731
4
2.2365
4
2.0880
15
2.0880
15
2.0881
15
2.0942
15
2.0942
15
2.0706
15
2.0646
13
2.1271
1
2.0977
12
2.0755
15
2.0563
2
2.0918
2
2.0769
5
2.0405
3
2.1101
1
2.0942
1
2.0930
1
2.0962
1
2.0947
1
 
PBEPBEultrafine   2.3298
1
    2.0925
12
2.1157
1
2.1162
1
2.1302
1
  2.1021
1
2.0914
1
2.1266
1
2.1339
1
2.1070
1
  2.1315
1
2.1059
1
  2.1099
1
2.0932
1
2.0923
1
2.0953
1
2.0940
1
 
PBE1PBE 2.1830
1
2.0754
1
2.0754
1
2.2426
1
2.0575
16
2.0805
1
2.0804
1
2.0911
1
2.0911
1
2.0720
1
2.0612
1
2.0920
1
2.0999
1
2.0753
1
  2.0990
1
2.0749
1
  2.0784
1
2.0651
1
2.0646
1
2.0666
1
2.0658
1
 
HSEh1PBE 2.1854
1
2.2287
15
2.0784
1
2.2466
1
2.0622
15
2.0833
1
2.0621
15
2.0945
1
2.0945
1
2.0741
1
2.0645
1
2.0961
1
2.1029
1
2.0524
15
  2.1027
1
2.0771
1
  2.0807
1
2.0674
1
2.0668
1
2.0689
1
2.0680
1
 
TPSSh 2.2058
1
2.3180
1
2.0955
1
2.2676
1
2.0468
16
2.0992
1
2.0464
16
2.1094
1
2.1094
1
2.0371
16
2.0754
1
2.1101
1
2.1193
1
2.0394
16
2.0837
1
2.1176
1
2.0911
1
2.0817
1
2.0970
1
2.0784
1
2.0776
1
2.0798
1
2.0787
1
 
wB97X-D 2.1808
1
2.2852
1
2.0303
16
2.2322
1
2.0380
16
2.0775
1
2.0378
16
2.0877
1
2.0400
16
2.0710
1
2.0600
1
2.0433
16
2.0391
16
2.0325
16
2.0686
1
2.0985
1
2.0325
16
2.0681
1
2.0766
1
2.0646
1
2.0641
1
2.0662
1
2.0654
1
 
B97D3 2.2391
1
2.1228
16
2.1195
1
2.2985
1
2.0578
16
2.1272
1
2.0574
16
2.1415
1
2.0595
16
2.1138
1
2.0412
16
2.1004
16
2.1457
1
2.0500
16
2.1095
1
2.1443
1
2.0794
16
2.1086
1
2.1215
1
2.1036
1
2.1025
1
2.1057
1
2.1042
1
2.0791
16
STO-3G 3-21G 3-21G* 6-31G 6-31G* 6-31G** 6-31+G** 6-311G* 6-311G** 6-31G(2df,p) 6-311+G(3df,2p) TZVP cc-pVDZ cc-pVTZ cc-pVQZ aug-cc-pVDZ aug-cc-pVTZ aug-cc-pVQZ cc-pV(D+d)Z cc-pV(T+d)Z aug-cc-pV(T+d)Z cc-pCVTZ aug-cc-pCVTZ daug-cc-pVTZ
Moller Plesset perturbation MP2 2.1459
4
2.2806
16
2.0409
16
2.2592
16
2.0349
16
2.0523
16
2.0522
16
2.0376
16
2.0581
15
2.0285
16
2.0629
1
2.0643
16
2.0742
16
2.0164
8
2.0373
4
2.0843
8
2.0128
7
2.0353
4
2.0894
1
2.0393
15
2.0688
1
2.0691
1
2.0690
1
 
MP2=FULL 2.1456
4
2.2818
8
2.0451
4
2.2623
4
2.0362
16
2.0386
11
2.0383
11
2.0564
16
2.0566
4
2.0065
7
2.0578
1
2.0947
1
2.0737
8
2.0096
7
2.0334
4
2.0837
6
1.9968
5
2.0351
3
2.0870
1
2.0207
10
2.0571
1
2.0642
1
2.0641
1
 
MP3         2.0556
15
  2.0362
16
      2.0585
1
2.0870
1
2.1020
1
2.0721
1
        2.0804
1
2.0637
1
2.0645
1
2.0638
1
2.0646
1
 
MP3=FULL   2.3256
1
2.0639
1
2.2732
1
2.0355
16
2.0684
1
2.0354
16
2.0811
1
2.0811
1
2.0634
1
2.0549
1
2.0867
1
2.1006
1
2.0661
1
  2.1115
1
2.0656
1
  2.0788
1
2.0557
1
2.0546
1
2.0603
1
2.0618
1
 
MP4   2.2830
3
    2.0607
7
    2.0576
1
2.0614
3
        2.0599
6
                   
B2PLYP 2.2088
1
2.3459
1
2.0923
1
2.2952
1
2.0518
16
2.0974
1
2.0974
1
2.1131
1
2.1131
1
2.0050
4
2.0776
1
2.1125
1
2.1228
1
2.0396
16
  2.1264
1
2.0065
4
  2.0996
1
2.0807
1
2.0805
1
2.0818
1
2.0815
1
 
B2PLYP=FULL 2.2086
1
2.3461
1
2.0921
1
2.2954
1
2.0969
1
2.0969
1
2.0970
1
2.1127
1
2.1127
1
2.0860
1
2.0763
1
2.1122
1
2.1223
1
2.0913
1
  2.1257
1
2.0910
1
  2.0988
1
2.0783
1
2.0776
1
2.0807
1
2.0803
1
 
B2PLYP=FULLultrafine 2.2084
1
2.3461
1
2.0921
1
2.2951
1
2.0686
16
2.0960
1
2.0968
1
2.1129
1
2.1129
1
2.0852
1
2.0763
1
2.1118
1
2.0852
16
2.0588
16
  2.1256
1
2.0582
16
  2.0986
1
2.0783
1
2.0776
1
2.0807
1
2.0804
1
 
Configuration interaction CID   2.2836
4
2.0455
4
2.2517
4
2.0364
11
    2.0546
5
    2.0494
1
  2.0969
1
2.0642
1
        2.0758
1
2.0545
1
2.0537
1
2.0546
1
2.0538
1
 
CISD   2.2929
4
2.0485
4
2.2603
4
2.0379
11
    2.0586
4
    2.0503
1
  2.0987
1
2.0652
1
        2.0773
1
2.0554
1
2.0545
1
2.0555
1
2.0546
1
 
STO-3G 3-21G 3-21G* 6-31G 6-31G* 6-31G** 6-31+G** 6-311G* 6-311G** 6-31G(2df,p) 6-311+G(3df,2p) TZVP cc-pVDZ cc-pVTZ cc-pVQZ aug-cc-pVDZ aug-cc-pVTZ aug-cc-pVQZ cc-pV(D+d)Z cc-pV(T+d)Z aug-cc-pV(T+d)Z cc-pCVTZ aug-cc-pCVTZ daug-cc-pVTZ
Quadratic configuration interaction QCISD   2.2977
16
2.0580
4
2.2892
4
2.0511
13
2.0630
4
2.0592
5
2.0672
8
2.0656
16
2.0200
7
2.0638
1
2.0973
1
2.0870
5
2.0213
7
  2.1221
1
2.0010
4
  2.0905
1
2.0684
1
2.0684
1
2.0684
1
2.0685
1
 
QCISD(T)         2.0605
4
    2.0605
1
        2.0887
3
2.0529
3
  2.0931
3
2.0504
3
             
Coupled Cluster CCD   2.2921
4
2.0500
4
2.2610
4
2.0405
16
2.0556
4
2.0531
4
2.0595
5
2.0613
4
2.0480
4
2.0585
1
2.0905
1
2.0829
4
2.0501
4
  2.0883
4
2.0477
4
  2.0832
1
2.0643
1
2.0644
1
2.0643
1
2.0645
1
 
CCSD         2.0207
10
2.0752
1
2.0748
1
2.0718
2
2.0890
1
1.9998
4
2.0608
1
2.0937
1
2.1083
1
2.0005
4
2.0631
1
2.1172
1
2.0002
4
2.0632
1
2.0864
1
2.0662
1
2.0662
1
2.0663
1
2.0664
1
 
CCSD=FULL         2.0013
4
        2.0526
4
2.0561
1
2.0930
1
2.1067
1
1.9976
4
2.0588
1
2.1152
1
1.9963
4
2.0578
1
2.0837
1
2.0572
1
2.0552
1
2.0627
1
2.0616
1
 
CCSD(T)         2.0428
8
2.0515
1
  2.0594
1
        2.0865
3
2.0511
3
2.0147
1
2.0911
3
2.0486
3
             
CCSD(T)=FULL         2.0349
1
                                     
STO-3G 3-21G 3-21G* 6-31G 6-31G* 6-31G** 6-31+G** 6-311G* 6-311G** 6-31G(2df,p) 6-311+G(3df,2p) TZVP cc-pVDZ cc-pVTZ cc-pVQZ aug-cc-pVDZ aug-cc-pVTZ aug-cc-pVQZ cc-pV(D+d)Z cc-pV(T+d)Z aug-cc-pV(T+d)Z cc-pCVTZ aug-cc-pCVTZ daug-cc-pVTZ

average calculated bond lengths (Å)
Methods with effective core potentials (select basis sets)
CEP-31G CEP-31G* CEP-121G CEP-121G* LANL2DZ SDD cc-pVTZ-PP aug-cc-pVTZ-PP Def2TZVPP
hartree fock HF 2.2120
16
2.0706
16
2.2119
16
2.0703
16
2.2162
16
2.2205
16
    2.0231
16
density functional BLYP                 2.1241
1
B1B95 2.2415
11
2.0894
12
            2.0594
1
B3LYP 2.2572
16
2.1063
16
2.2543
16
2.1047
16
2.2590
16
2.2570
16
    2.0390
16
B3LYPultrafine                 2.0902
1
B3PW91                 2.0724
1
mPW1PW91                 2.0658
1
M06-2X                 2.0657
1
PBEPBE                 2.0396
16
PBEPBEultrafine                 2.0933
1
PBE1PBE                 2.0644
1
HSEh1PBE                 2.0664
1
TPSSh                 2.0776
1
wB97X-D 2.2502
1
2.1088
1
2.2514
1
2.1076
1
2.2674
1
2.2650
1
    2.0635
1
B97D3                 2.1027
1
Moller Plesset perturbation MP2 2.2678
16
2.0793
16
2.2669
16
2.0780
16
2.2640
16
2.2685
16
    2.0225
16
MP2=FULL                 2.0609
1
MP3                 2.0597
1
MP3=FULL                 2.0577
1
B2PLYP                 2.0789
1
B2PLYP=FULL                 2.0780
1
B2PLYP=FULLultrafine                 2.0780
1
Configuration interaction CID                 2.0514
1
CISD                 2.0524
1
Quadratic configuration interaction QCISD                 2.0653
1
Coupled Cluster CCD                 2.0601
1
CCSD                 2.0632
1
CCSD=FULL                 2.0592
1
For descriptions of the methods (AM1, HF, MP2, ...) and basis sets (3-21G, 3-21G*, 6-31G, ...) see the glossary in section I.C. Predefined means the basis set used is determined by the method.