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All results from a given calculation for C4H6O2 (γ–Butyrolactone)

using model chemistry: B3PW91/6-311+G(3df,2p)

19 10 17 12 22

States and conformations

State Conformation minimum conformation conformer description state description
1 1 yes C1 1A
Energy calculated at B3PW91/6-311+G(3df,2p)
 hartrees
Energy at 0K-306.487650
Energy at 298.15K 
HF Energy-306.487650
Nuclear repulsion energy241.547342
The energy at 298.15K was derived from the energy at 0K and an integrated heat capacity that used the calculated vibrational frequencies.
Vibrational Frequencies calculated at B3PW91/6-311+G(3df,2p)
Mode Number Symmetry Frequency
(cm-1)
Scaled Frequency
(cm-1)
IR Intensities
(km mol-1)
Raman Act
4/u)
Dep P Dep U
1 A 3136 3002 6.33      
2 A 3122 2989 20.26      
3 A 3113 2980 15.31      
4 A 3064 2933 19.04      
5 A 3054 2924 4.41      
6 A 3040 2910 38.01      
7 A 1872 1792 438.46      
8 A 1522 1457 1.45      
9 A 1494 1430 7.51      
10 A 1458 1396 9.26      
11 A 1396 1337 20.49      
12 A 1339 1282 1.55      
13 A 1302 1246 8.97      
14 A 1261 1207 8.51      
15 A 1220 1167 18.18      
16 A 1197 1146 1.97      
17 A 1178 1127 206.23      
18 A 1093 1046 15.82      
19 A 1076 1030 72.56      
20 A 1017 974 16.17      
21 A 945 904 3.79      
22 A 895 856 9.19      
23 A 879 841 15.34      
24 A 810 775 3.82      
25 A 688 658 4.31      
26 A 640 613 4.62      
27 A 534 511 3.14      
28 A 493 472 3.28      
29 A 203 194 1.76      
30 A 147 141 1.22      

Unscaled Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 21592.5 cm-1
Scaled (by 0.9573) Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 20670.5 cm-1
See section III.C.1 List or set vibrational scaling factors to change the scale factors used here.
See section III.C.2 Calculate a vibrational scaling factor for a given set of molecules to determine the least squares best scaling factor.
Rotational Constants (cm-1) from geometry optimized at B3PW91/6-311+G(3df,2p)
ABC
0.24517 0.12028 0.08583

See section I.F.4 to change rotational constant units
Geometric Data calculated at B3PW91/6-311+G(3df,2p)

Point Group is C1

Cartesians (Å)
Atom x (Å) y (Å) z (Å)
C1 0.884 -0.002 0.003
C2 -0.026 1.201 0.164
C3 -1.400 0.665 -0.214
C4 -1.261 -0.818 0.126
O5 0.128 -1.126 -0.045
O6 2.075 -0.029 -0.070
H7 0.335 2.029 -0.443
H8 0.024 1.514 1.211
H9 -1.577 0.792 -1.283
H10 -2.222 1.136 0.323
H11 -1.829 -1.477 -0.529
H12 -1.535 -1.031 1.163

Atom - Atom Distances (Å)
  C1 C2 C3 C4 O5 O6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11 H12
C11.51702.38882.29791.35541.19352.15062.12062.88773.32353.13312.8731
C21.51701.52252.36772.34192.44541.08771.09372.16082.20353.30232.8737
C32.38881.52251.52822.36023.54602.21822.18561.09131.08912.20742.1886
C42.29792.36771.52821.43253.43323.31292.87522.16252.18681.08871.0937
O51.35542.34192.36021.43252.23503.18682.92532.84903.28262.04592.0575
O61.19352.44543.54603.43322.23502.72062.86803.93474.46954.18883.9438
H72.15061.08772.21823.31293.18682.72061.75972.42752.81474.12073.9289
H82.12061.09372.18562.87522.92532.86801.75973.05052.44513.92492.9845
H92.88772.16081.09132.16252.84903.93472.42753.05051.76452.40373.0506
H103.32352.20351.08912.18683.28264.46952.81472.44511.76452.77612.4233
H113.13313.30232.20741.08872.04594.18884.12073.92492.40372.77611.7743
H122.87312.87372.18861.09372.05753.94383.92892.98453.05062.42331.7743

picture of γ–Butyrolactone state 1 conformation 1
More geometry information
Calculated Bond Angles
atom1 atom2 atom3 angle atom1 atom2 atom3 angle
C1 C2 C3 103.608 C1 C2 H7 110.221
C1 C2 H8 107.528 C1 O5 C4 110.989
C2 C1 O5 109.104 C2 C1 O6 128.498
C2 C3 C4 101.810 C2 C3 H9 110.433
C2 C3 H10 114.044 C3 C2 H7 115.376
C3 C2 H8 112.279 C3 C4 O5 105.678
C3 C4 H11 113.969 C3 C4 H12 112.116
C4 C3 H9 110.170 C4 C3 H10 112.251
O5 C1 O6 122.397 O5 C4 H11 107.704
O5 C4 H12 108.325 H7 C2 H8 107.554
H9 C3 H10 108.048 H11 C4 H12 108.782
Electronic energy levels
Charges, Dipole, Quadrupole and Polarizability
Charges from optimized geometry at B3PW91/6-311+G(3df,2p) Charges (e)
Number Element Mulliken CHELPG AIM ESP
1 C 1.083      
2 C -0.376      
3 C -0.235      
4 C 0.136      
5 O -0.686      
6 O -0.772      
7 H 0.142      
8 H 0.167      
9 H 0.149      
10 H 0.129      
11 H 0.129      
12 H 0.133      


Electric dipole moments
Electric dipole components in Debye
(What's a Debye? See section VII.A.3)
  x y z Total
  -4.450 1.505 0.395 4.714
CHELPG        
AIM        
ESP        


Electric Quadrupole moment
Quadrupole components in D Å
Primitive
 xyz
x -40.840 1.735 0.280
y 1.735 -35.116 -0.107
z 0.280 -0.107 -33.474
Traceless
 xyz
x -6.545 1.735 0.280
y 1.735 2.041 -0.107
z 0.280 -0.107 4.504
Polar
3z2-r29.008
x2-y2-5.723
xy1.735
xz0.280
yz-0.107


Polarizabilities
Components of the polarizability tensor.
Units are Å3 (Angstrom cubed)
Change units.
  x y z
x 9.224 0.313 -0.073
y 0.313 7.679 0.023
z -0.073 0.023 6.230


<r2> (average value of r2) Å2
<r2> 139.256
(<r2>)1/2 11.801