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All results from a given calculation for C4H6O2 (γ–Butyrolactone)

using model chemistry: wB97X-D/6-311G**

19 10 17 12 22

States and conformations

State Conformation minimum conformation conformer description state description
1 1 yes C1 1A
Energy calculated at wB97X-D/6-311G**
 hartrees
Energy at 0K-306.477437
Energy at 298.15K 
HF Energy-306.477437
Nuclear repulsion energy241.560296
The energy at 298.15K was derived from the energy at 0K and an integrated heat capacity that used the calculated vibrational frequencies.
Vibrational Frequencies calculated at wB97X-D/6-311G**
Mode Number Symmetry Frequency
(cm-1)
Scaled Frequency
(cm-1)
IR Intensities
(km mol-1)
Raman Act
4/u)
Dep P Dep U
1 A 3163 3026 8.59      
2 A 3149 3012 28.10      
3 A 3139 3002 14.63      
4 A 3084 2950 21.68      
5 A 3073 2940 6.89      
6 A 3061 2928 42.86      
7 A 1914 1831 430.71      
8 A 1541 1474 1.20      
9 A 1512 1446 8.61      
10 A 1466 1402 10.84      
11 A 1417 1356 20.03      
12 A 1361 1302 1.41      
13 A 1314 1257 13.98      
14 A 1276 1221 13.43      
15 A 1233 1179 27.59      
16 A 1210 1158 4.20      
17 A 1197 1145 212.90      
18 A 1108 1060 30.77      
19 A 1094 1046 59.02      
20 A 1024 979 13.77      
21 A 951 910 3.45      
22 A 915 875 9.02      
23 A 889 851 12.96      
24 A 819 784 4.75      
25 A 694 664 5.06      
26 A 650 622 4.90      
27 A 537 513 3.28      
28 A 497 475 3.88      
29 A 223 213 2.36      
30 A 150 144 0.80      

Unscaled Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 21830.3 cm-1
Scaled (by 0.9565) Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 20880.6 cm-1
See section III.C.1 List or set vibrational scaling factors to change the scale factors used here.
See section III.C.2 Calculate a vibrational scaling factor for a given set of molecules to determine the least squares best scaling factor.
Rotational Constants (cm-1) from geometry optimized at wB97X-D/6-311G**
ABC
0.24475 0.12037 0.08598

See section I.F.4 to change rotational constant units
Geometric Data calculated at wB97X-D/6-311G**

Point Group is C1

Cartesians (Å)
Atom x (Å) y (Å) z (Å)
C1 0.884 -0.003 0.003
C2 -0.029 1.202 0.171
C3 -1.399 0.663 -0.225
C4 -1.258 -0.818 0.134
O5 0.128 -1.126 -0.050
O6 2.073 -0.027 -0.071
H7 0.336 2.036 -0.426
H8 0.008 1.500 1.224
H9 -1.554 0.776 -1.300
H10 -2.232 1.138 0.294
H11 -1.835 -1.485 -0.505
H12 -1.519 -1.009 1.180

Atom - Atom Distances (Å)
  C1 C2 C3 C4 O5 O6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11 H12
C11.52112.38852.29531.35511.19162.15412.12572.87213.33043.13812.8587
C21.52111.52452.36502.34422.44681.08851.09472.16192.20713.30792.8509
C32.38851.52451.53032.35843.54292.22152.18591.09251.09002.20992.1869
C42.29532.36501.53031.43123.42953.31642.85742.16492.19051.08901.0947
O51.35512.34422.35841.43122.23453.19122.92152.83073.28782.04662.0584
O61.19162.44683.54293.42952.23452.71992.87643.91324.47424.19383.9284
H72.15411.08852.22153.31643.19122.71991.76552.43392.81404.13753.9104
H82.12571.09472.18592.85742.92152.87641.76553.05552.45173.91122.9378
H92.87212.16191.09252.16492.83073.91322.43393.05551.76952.41393.0559
H103.33042.20711.09002.19053.28784.47422.81402.45171.76952.77022.4289
H113.13813.30792.20991.08902.04664.19384.13753.91122.41392.77021.7784
H122.85872.85092.18691.09472.05843.92843.91042.93783.05592.42891.7784

picture of γ–Butyrolactone state 1 conformation 1
More geometry information
Calculated Bond Angles
atom1 atom2 atom3 angle atom1 atom2 atom3 angle
C1 C2 C3 103.302 C1 C2 H7 110.164
C1 C2 H8 107.591 C1 O5 C4 110.897
C2 C1 O5 109.043 C2 C1 O6 128.430
C2 C3 C4 101.462 C2 C3 H9 110.302
C2 C3 H10 114.133 C3 C2 H7 115.442
C3 C2 H8 112.101 C3 C4 O5 105.516
C3 C4 H11 114.001 C3 C4 H12 111.762
C4 C3 H9 110.135 C4 C3 H10 112.345
O5 C1 O6 122.526 O5 C4 H11 107.828
O5 C4 H12 108.424 H7 C2 H8 107.936
H9 C3 H10 108.337 H11 C4 H12 109.052
Electronic energy levels
Charges, Dipole, Quadrupole and Polarizability
Charges from optimized geometry at wB97X-D/6-311G** Charges (e)
Number Element Mulliken CHELPG AIM ESP
1 C 0.366      
2 C -0.329      
3 C -0.304      
4 C -0.012      
5 O -0.294      
6 O -0.319      
7 H 0.167      
8 H 0.164      
9 H 0.148      
10 H 0.143      
11 H 0.139      
12 H 0.131      


Electric dipole moments
Electric dipole components in Debye
(What's a Debye? See section VII.A.3)
  x y z Total
  -4.334 1.516 0.417 4.610
CHELPG        
AIM        
ESP        


Electric Quadrupole moment
Quadrupole components in D Å
Primitive
 xyz
x -40.209 1.854 0.255
y 1.854 -35.165 -0.102
z 0.255 -0.102 -33.297
Traceless
 xyz
x -5.978 1.854 0.255
y 1.854 1.588 -0.102
z 0.255 -0.102 4.390
Polar
3z2-r28.780
x2-y2-5.044
xy1.854
xz0.255
yz-0.102


Polarizabilities
Components of the polarizability tensor.
Units are Å3 (Angstrom cubed)
Change units.
  x y z
x 8.121 0.430 -0.077
y 0.430 6.610 0.014
z -0.077 0.014 5.543


<r2> (average value of r2) Å2
<r2> 138.984
(<r2>)1/2 11.789