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All results from a given calculation for C4H6O2 (γ–Butyrolactone)

using model chemistry: wB97X-D/6-31G

19 10 17 12 22

States and conformations

State Conformation minimum conformation conformer description state description
1 1 yes C1 1A
Energy calculated at wB97X-D/6-31G
 hartrees
Energy at 0K-306.293848
Energy at 298.15K 
HF Energy-306.293848
Nuclear repulsion energy238.466361
The energy at 298.15K was derived from the energy at 0K and an integrated heat capacity that used the calculated vibrational frequencies.
Vibrational Frequencies calculated at wB97X-D/6-31G
Mode Number Symmetry Frequency
(cm-1)
Scaled Frequency
(cm-1)
IR Intensities
(km mol-1)
Raman Act
4/u)
Dep P Dep U
1 A 3202 3202 21.88      
2 A 3190 3190 4.94      
3 A 3171 3171 12.33      
4 A 3111 3111 18.50      
5 A 3108 3108 34.55      
6 A 3100 3100 6.32      
7 A 1838 1838 343.29      
8 A 1571 1571 0.91      
9 A 1553 1553 8.88      
10 A 1516 1516 13.40      
11 A 1418 1418 6.88      
12 A 1394 1394 0.66      
13 A 1350 1350 4.77      
14 A 1281 1281 7.24      
15 A 1254 1254 4.22      
16 A 1215 1215 2.94      
17 A 1185 1185 244.41      
18 A 1135 1135 9.55      
19 A 1073 1073 24.50      
20 A 1020 1020 57.77      
21 A 956 956 8.02      
22 A 928 928 9.71      
23 A 896 896 19.38      
24 A 817 817 8.39      
25 A 687 687 5.03      
26 A 654 654 7.00      
27 A 536 536 4.34      
28 A 486 486 3.56      
29 A 198 198 3.78      
30 A 144 144 1.11      

Unscaled Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 21991.6 cm-1
Scaled (by 1) Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 21991.6 cm-1
See section III.C.1 List or set vibrational scaling factors to change the scale factors used here.
See section III.C.2 Calculate a vibrational scaling factor for a given set of molecules to determine the least squares best scaling factor.
Rotational Constants (cm-1) from geometry optimized at wB97X-D/6-31G
ABC
0.24049 0.11672 0.08340

See section I.F.4 to change rotational constant units
Geometric Data calculated at wB97X-D/6-31G

Point Group is C1

Cartesians (Å)
Atom x (Å) y (Å) z (Å)
C1 0.894 -0.003 0.003
C2 -0.011 1.209 0.161
C3 -1.406 0.683 -0.208
C4 -1.303 -0.818 0.122
O5 0.117 -1.146 -0.043
O6 2.110 -0.041 -0.066
H7 0.343 2.025 -0.469
H8 0.040 1.545 1.203
H9 -1.594 0.823 -1.276
H10 -2.211 1.169 0.346
H11 -1.863 -1.462 -0.553
H12 -1.580 -1.037 1.157

Atom - Atom Distances (Å)
  C1 C2 C3 C4 O5 O6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11 H12
C11.52112.40902.34621.38221.21892.15432.13692.91653.33663.16812.9194
C21.52111.53542.40372.36692.47261.09041.09642.17222.20833.32732.9153
C32.40901.53541.53982.38533.59242.22002.19651.09401.09142.21962.2024
C42.34622.40371.53981.46713.50583.33792.92482.17532.19531.08831.0932
O51.38222.36692.38531.46712.27903.20742.96602.88513.30592.06932.0815
O61.21892.47263.59243.50582.27902.74832.90003.99104.50644.24784.0136
H72.15431.09042.22003.33793.20742.74831.76652.41802.81474.12693.9650
H82.13691.09642.19652.92482.96602.90001.76653.05592.43863.96813.0487
H92.91652.17221.09402.17532.88513.99102.41803.05591.76972.41133.0627
H103.33662.20831.09142.19533.30594.50642.81472.43861.76972.80112.4333
H113.16813.32732.21961.08832.06934.24784.12693.96812.41132.80111.7843
H122.91942.91532.20241.09322.08154.01363.96503.04873.06272.43331.7843

picture of γ–Butyrolactone state 1 conformation 1
More geometry information
Calculated Bond Angles
atom1 atom2 atom3 angle atom1 atom2 atom3 angle
C1 C2 C3 104.026 C1 C2 H7 110.069
C1 C2 H8 108.364 C1 O5 C4 110.825
C2 C1 O5 109.133 C2 C1 O6 128.618
C2 C3 C4 102.828 C2 C3 H9 110.280
C2 C3 H10 113.339 C3 C2 H7 114.380
C3 C2 H8 112.075 C3 C4 O5 104.963
C3 C4 H11 114.157 C3 C4 H12 112.434
C4 C3 H9 110.223 C4 C3 H10 111.971
O5 C1 O6 122.246 O5 C4 H11 107.218
O5 C4 H12 107.883 H7 C2 H8 107.764
H9 C3 H10 108.147 H11 C4 H12 109.760
Electronic energy levels
Charges, Dipole, Quadrupole and Polarizability
Charges from optimized geometry at wB97X-D/6-31G Charges (e)
Number Element Mulliken CHELPG AIM ESP
1 C 0.549      
2 C -0.405      
3 C -0.360      
4 C -0.067      
5 O -0.500      
6 O -0.410      
7 H 0.217      
8 H 0.214      
9 H 0.192      
10 H 0.184      
11 H 0.199      
12 H 0.188      


Electric dipole moments
Electric dipole components in Debye
(What's a Debye? See section VII.A.3)
  x y z Total
  -4.862 2.036 0.463 5.291
CHELPG        
AIM        
ESP        


Electric Quadrupole moment
Quadrupole components in D Å
Primitive
 xyz
x -40.560 2.297 0.282
y 2.297 -35.598 -0.146
z 0.282 -0.146 -33.266
Traceless
 xyz
x -6.128 2.297 0.282
y 2.297 1.315 -0.146
z 0.282 -0.146 4.813
Polar
3z2-r29.626
x2-y2-4.962
xy2.297
xz0.282
yz-0.146


Polarizabilities
Components of the polarizability tensor.
Units are Å3 (Angstrom cubed)
Change units.
  x y z
x 7.948 0.495 -0.127
y 0.495 6.029 0.036
z -0.127 0.036 5.060


<r2> (average value of r2) Å2
<r2> 142.324
(<r2>)1/2 11.930