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All results from a given calculation for CH3CHCH2CH3 (2-Butyl radical)

using model chemistry: B3PW91/6-31G*

19 10 17 12 22

States and conformations

State Conformation minimum conformation conformer description state description
1 1 yes C1 1A
Energy calculated at B3PW91/6-31G*
 hartrees
Energy at 0K-157.735522
Energy at 298.15K-157.744008
Nuclear repulsion energy121.960703
The energy at 298.15K was derived from the energy at 0K and an integrated heat capacity that used the calculated vibrational frequencies.
Vibrational Frequencies calculated at B3PW91/6-31G*
Mode Number Symmetry Frequency
(cm-1)
Scaled Frequency
(cm-1)
IR Intensities
(km mol-1)
Raman Act
(Å4/u)
Dep P Dep U
1 A 3179 3042 30.71      
2 A 3136 3000 31.69      
3 A 3129 2993 37.20      
4 A 3120 2985 22.50      
5 A 3061 2928 29.64      
6 A 3056 2924 32.19      
7 A 3030 2899 25.79      
8 A 2976 2847 44.66      
9 A 2947 2820 38.01      
10 A 1531 1464 3.79      
11 A 1523 1457 6.68      
12 A 1513 1448 5.26      
13 A 1501 1436 6.60      
14 A 1496 1431 0.67      
15 A 1440 1378 2.07      
16 A 1434 1372 3.20      
17 A 1422 1361 0.43      
18 A 1325 1267 8.19      
19 A 1283 1227 0.06      
20 A 1195 1143 0.44      
21 A 1151 1101 0.24      
22 A 1083 1036 0.59      
23 A 1046 1001 0.17      
24 A 995 952 4.35      
25 A 983 940 2.80      
26 A 859 822 0.26      
27 A 774 740 1.91      
28 A 428 410 0.21      
29 A 407 389 20.68      
30 A 261 250 1.39      
31 A 237 227 0.03      
32 A 113 108 0.04      
33 A 63 60 0.04      

Unscaled Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 25846.2 cm-1
Scaled (by 0.9567) Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 24727.0 cm-1
See section III.C.1 List or set vibrational scaling factors to change the scale factors used here.
See section III.C.2 Calculate a vibrational scaling factor for a given set of molecules to determine the least squares best scaling factor.
Rotational Constants (cm-1) from geometry optimized at B3PW91/6-31G*
ABC
0.88087 0.12129 0.11420

See section I.F.4 to change rotational constant units
Geometric Data calculated at B3PW91/6-31G*

Point Group is C1

Cartesians (Å)
Atom x (Å) y (Å) z (Å)
C1 1.982 -0.043 -0.076
H2 2.067 -0.832 -0.836
H3 2.669 0.766 -0.350
H4 2.365 -0.479 0.865
C5 0.579 0.441 0.057
H6 0.411 1.467 0.379
C7 -0.573 -0.506 0.103
H8 -0.581 -1.050 1.067
H9 -0.435 -1.290 -0.658
C10 -1.931 0.170 -0.092
H11 -2.106 0.929 0.681
H12 -1.984 0.670 -1.066
H13 -2.750 -0.555 -0.038

Atom - Atom Distances (Å)
  C1 H2 H3 H4 C5 H6 C7 H8 H9 C10 H11 H12 H13
C11.09901.09591.10541.48932.22592.60282.98172.78143.91854.26964.14944.7597
H21.09901.77501.76192.15143.08292.82063.26802.54944.18784.77634.32644.8901
H31.09591.77501.76622.15342.47423.51183.98373.73554.64524.88794.70865.5862
H41.10541.76191.76622.16502.80073.03553.00783.28884.44894.69174.89535.1948
C51.48932.15142.15342.16501.08921.49222.14252.12982.52922.80012.80823.4766
H62.22593.08292.47422.80071.08922.22252.79233.06532.71842.59212.90893.7761
C72.60282.82063.51183.03551.49222.22251.10751.10151.52932.17782.17722.1821
H82.98173.26803.98373.00782.14252.79231.10751.74832.15782.52853.07882.4845
H92.78142.54943.73553.28882.12983.06531.10151.74832.16583.08362.53142.5068
C103.91854.18784.64524.44892.52922.71841.52932.15782.16581.09671.09581.0956
H114.26964.77634.88794.69172.80012.59212.17782.52853.08361.09671.76951.7700
H124.14944.32644.70864.89532.80822.90892.17723.07882.53141.09581.76951.7730
H134.75974.89015.58625.19483.47663.77612.18212.48452.50681.09561.77001.7730

picture of 2-Butyl radical state 1 conformation 1
More geometry information
Calculated Bond Angles
atom1 atom2 atom3 angle atom1 atom2 atom3 angle
C1 C5 H6 118.542 C1 C5 C7 121.613
H2 C1 H3 107.945 H2 C1 H4 106.122
H2 C1 C5 111.560 H3 C1 H4 106.708
H3 C1 C5 111.911 H4 C1 C5 112.260
C5 C7 H8 110.125 C5 C7 H9 109.482
C5 C7 C10 113.658 H6 C5 C7 118.012
C7 C10 H11 110.987 C7 C10 H12 110.987
C7 C10 H13 111.393 H8 C7 H9 104.643
H8 C7 C10 108.788 H9 C7 C10 109.756
H11 C10 H12 107.623 H11 C10 H13 107.679
H12 C10 H13 108.008
Electronic energy levels
Charges, Dipole, Quadrupole and Polarizability
Charges from optimized geometry at B3PW91/6-31G* Charges (e)
Number Element Mulliken CHELPG AIM ESP
1 C -0.544     -0.434
2 H 0.171     0.121
3 H 0.175     0.131
4 H 0.172     0.122
5 C -0.111     -0.073
6 H 0.149     0.084
7 C -0.329     0.063
8 H 0.164     0.030
9 H 0.163     0.043
10 C -0.512     -0.374
11 H 0.166     0.099
12 H 0.172     0.089
13 H 0.165     0.098


Electric dipole moments
Electric dipole components in Debye
(What's a Debye? See section VII.A.3)
  x y z Total
  0.067 -0.143 0.162 0.226
CHELPG        
AIM        
ESP 0.081 -0.166 0.152 0.239


Electric Quadrupole moment
Quadrupole components in D Å
Primitive
 xyz
x -26.947 0.165 -0.049
y 0.165 -26.734 0.365
z -0.049 0.365 -27.485
Traceless
 xyz
x 0.162 0.165 -0.049
y 0.165 0.482 0.365
z -0.049 0.365 -0.644
Polar
3z2-r2-1.288
x2-y2-0.213
xy0.165
xz-0.049
yz0.365


Polarizabilities
Components of the polarizability tensor.
Units are Å3 (Angstrom cubed)
Change units.
  x y z
x 0.000 0.000 0.000
y 0.000 0.000 0.000
z 0.000 0.000 0.000


<r2> (average value of r2) Å2
<r2> 116.428
(<r2>)1/2 10.790