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All results from a given calculation for CH3CHCH2CH3 (2-Butyl radical)

using model chemistry: wB97X-D/6-31G*

19 10 17 12 22

States and conformations

State Conformation minimum conformation conformer description state description
1 1 yes C1 1A
Energy calculated at wB97X-D/6-31G*
 hartrees
Energy at 0K-157.738417
Energy at 298.15K-157.746958
HF Energy-157.738417
Nuclear repulsion energy 
The energy at 298.15K was derived from the energy at 0K and an integrated heat capacity that used the calculated vibrational frequencies.
Vibrational Frequencies calculated at wB97X-D/6-31G*
Mode Number Symmetry Frequency
(cm-1)
Scaled Frequency
(cm-1)
IR Intensities
(km mol-1)
Raman Act
4/u)
Dep P Dep U
1 A 3202 3037 27.77      
2 A 3153 2991 32.18      
3 A 3144 2982 36.28      
4 A 3142 2980 25.10      
5 A 3070 2912 23.87      
6 A 3069 2911 37.89      
7 A 3040 2883 28.50      
8 A 2995 2841 43.91      
9 A 2976 2822 35.29      
10 A 1547 1468 3.86      
11 A 1535 1456 6.85      
12 A 1529 1450 5.01      
13 A 1515 1437 0.69      
14 A 1512 1434 7.40      
15 A 1458 1383 1.35      
16 A 1450 1375 4.94      
17 A 1436 1362 0.56      
18 A 1339 1270 6.93      
19 A 1295 1228 0.07      
20 A 1205 1143 0.43      
21 A 1154 1095 0.30      
22 A 1092 1036 0.72      
23 A 1054 1000 0.20      
24 A 1008 956 4.37      
25 A 993 942 1.63      
26 A 868 824 0.26      
27 A 791 750 1.53      
28 A 437 414 0.22      
29 A 362 343 20.07      
30 A 262 249 1.55      
31 A 252 239 1.82      
32 A 129 123 0.12      
33 A 74 70 0.18      

Unscaled Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 26042.4 cm-1
Scaled (by 0.9485) Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 24701.3 cm-1
See section III.C.1 List or set vibrational scaling factors to change the scale factors used here.
See section III.C.2 Calculate a vibrational scaling factor for a given set of molecules to determine the least squares best scaling factor.
Rotational Constants (cm-1) from geometry optimized at wB97X-D/6-31G*
ABC
0.88530 0.12156 0.11420

See section I.F.4 to change rotational constant units
Geometric Data calculated at wB97X-D/6-31G*

Point Group is C1

Cartesians (Å)
Atom x (Å) y (Å) z (Å)
C1 1.981 -0.045 -0.075
H2 2.060 -0.833 -0.835
H3 2.673 0.759 -0.347
H4 2.351 -0.484 0.868
C5 0.579 0.447 0.052
H6 0.413 1.469 0.388
C7 -0.571 -0.505 0.105
H8 -0.573 -1.039 1.073
H9 -0.431 -1.291 -0.653
C10 -1.932 0.168 -0.092
H11 -2.104 0.931 0.676
H12 -1.985 0.660 -1.069
H13 -2.748 -0.559 -0.032

Atom - Atom Distances (Å)
  C1 H2 H3 H4 C5 H6 C7 H8 H9 C10 H11 H12 H13
C11.09811.09491.10381.49142.22862.59962.97162.77593.91874.26694.14954.7572
H21.09811.77511.76272.14943.08422.81343.25852.53974.18234.76864.31894.8827
H31.09491.77511.76722.15442.48023.51083.97313.73264.64934.88824.71505.5876
H41.10381.76271.76722.16152.79283.02002.98343.27174.43714.67834.88505.1783
C51.49142.14942.15442.16151.08911.49372.13952.12972.53002.79692.80653.4764
H62.22863.08422.48022.79281.08912.22402.78073.06822.72382.58992.92033.7787
C72.59962.81343.51083.02001.49372.22401.10561.10041.53102.17702.17632.1819
H82.97163.25853.97312.98342.13952.78071.10561.74972.15902.52663.07732.4864
H92.77592.53973.73263.27172.12973.06821.10041.74972.16693.08242.52902.5079
C103.91874.18234.64934.43712.53002.72381.53102.15902.16691.09601.09491.0948
H114.26694.76864.88824.67832.79692.58992.17702.52663.08241.09601.76961.7704
H124.14954.31894.71504.88502.80652.92032.17633.07732.52901.09491.76961.7727
H134.75724.88275.58765.17833.47643.77872.18192.48642.50791.09481.77041.7727

picture of 2-Butyl radical state 1 conformation 1
More geometry information
Calculated Bond Angles
atom1 atom2 atom3 angle atom1 atom2 atom3 angle
C1 C5 H6 118.623 C1 C5 C7 121.120
H2 C1 H3 108.082 H2 C1 H4 106.369
H2 C1 C5 111.302 H3 C1 H4 106.979
H3 C1 C5 111.898 H4 C1 C5 111.922
C5 C7 H8 109.896 C5 C7 H9 109.433
C5 C7 C10 113.528 H6 C5 C7 118.030
C7 C10 H11 110.850 C7 C10 H12 110.853
C7 C10 H13 111.310 H8 C7 H9 104.966
H8 C7 C10 108.876 H9 C7 C10 109.790
H11 C10 H12 107.748 H11 C10 H13 107.830
H12 C10 H13 108.106
Electronic energy levels
Charges, Dipole, Quadrupole and Polarizability
Charges from optimized geometry at wB97X-D/6-31G* Charges (e)
Number Element Mulliken CHELPG AIM ESP
1 C -0.524      
2 H 0.167      
3 H 0.172      
4 H 0.167      
5 C -0.132      
6 H 0.151      
7 C -0.311      
8 H 0.159      
9 H 0.158      
10 C -0.499      
11 H 0.162      
12 H 0.167      
13 H 0.163      


Electric dipole moments
Electric dipole components in Debye
(What's a Debye? See section VII.A.3)
  x y z Total
  0.059 -0.134 0.154 0.212
CHELPG        
AIM        
ESP        


Electric Quadrupole moment
Quadrupole components in D Å
Primitive
 xyz
x -26.986 0.175 -0.027
y 0.175 -26.727 0.325
z -0.027 0.325 -27.533
Traceless
 xyz
x 0.144 0.175 -0.027
y 0.175 0.532 0.325
z -0.027 0.325 -0.676
Polar
3z2-r2-1.353
x2-y2-0.259
xy0.175
xz-0.027
yz0.325


Polarizabilities
Components of the polarizability tensor.
Units are Å3 (Angstrom cubed)
Change units.
  x y z
x 7.386 0.036 -0.042
y 0.036 6.178 0.073
z -0.042 0.073 5.351


<r2> (average value of r2) Å2
<r2> 116.278
(<r2>)1/2 10.783