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All results from a given calculation for C4H8 (cyclobutane)

using model chemistry: B3PW91/6-31G*

19 10 17 12 22

States and conformations

State Conformation minimum conformation conformer description state description
1 1 yes D2D 1A1
Energy calculated at B3PW91/6-31G*
 hartrees
Energy at 0K-157.160033
Energy at 298.15K-157.169161
HF Energy-157.160033
Nuclear repulsion energy127.079144
The energy at 298.15K was derived from the energy at 0K and an integrated heat capacity that used the calculated vibrational frequencies.
Vibrational Frequencies calculated at B3PW91/6-31G*
Mode Number Symmetry Frequency
(cm-1)
Scaled Frequency
(cm-1)
IR Intensities
(km mol-1)
Raman Act
4/u)
Dep P Dep U
1 A1 3115 2980 0.00      
2 A1 3081 2948 0.00      
3 A1 1548 1481 0.00      
4 A1 1187 1135 0.00      
5 A1 1039 994 0.00      
6 A1 204 195 0.00      
7 A2 1263 1209 0.00      
8 A2 974 931 0.00      
9 B1 1276 1221 0.00      
10 B1 1181 1130 0.00      
11 B1 968 926 0.00      
12 B2 3145 3009 100.22      
13 B2 3073 2940 9.45      
14 B2 1513 1447 3.93      
15 B2 896 857 0.01      
16 B2 636 608 3.61      
17 E 3128 2993 19.50      
17 E 3128 2993 19.50      
18 E 3074 2941 80.15      
18 E 3074 2941 80.15      
19 E 1506 1441 0.40      
19 E 1506 1441 0.40      
20 E 1307 1250 1.22      
20 E 1307 1250 1.22      
21 E 1263 1209 0.35      
21 E 1263 1209 0.35      
22 E 937 897 2.88      
22 E 937 897 2.88      
23 E 762 729 0.65      
23 E 762 729 0.65      

Unscaled Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 24527.2 cm-1
Scaled (by 0.9567) Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 23465.2 cm-1
See section III.C.1 List or set vibrational scaling factors to change the scale factors used here.
See section III.C.2 Calculate a vibrational scaling factor for a given set of molecules to determine the least squares best scaling factor.
Rotational Constants (cm-1) from geometry optimized at B3PW91/6-31G*
ABC
0.35765 0.35765 0.21226

See section I.F.4 to change rotational constant units
Geometric Data calculated at B3PW91/6-31G*

Point Group is D2d

Cartesians (Å)
Atom x (Å) y (Å) z (Å)
C1 0.000 1.079 0.129
C2 0.000 -1.079 0.129
C3 -1.079 0.000 -0.129
C4 1.079 0.000 -0.129
H5 0.000 1.402 1.176
H6 0.000 1.969 -0.508
H7 0.000 -1.402 1.176
H8 0.000 -1.969 -0.508
H9 -1.402 0.000 -1.176
H10 -1.969 0.000 0.508
H11 1.402 0.000 -1.176
H12 1.969 0.000 0.508

Atom - Atom Distances (Å)
  C1 C2 C3 C4 H5 H6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11 H12
C12.15751.54741.54741.09591.09512.69313.11382.19912.27692.19912.2769
C22.15751.54741.54742.69313.11381.09591.09512.19912.27692.19912.2769
C31.54741.54742.15752.19912.27692.19912.27691.09591.09512.69313.1138
C41.54741.54742.15752.19912.27692.19912.27692.69313.11381.09591.0951
H51.09592.69312.19912.19911.77752.80493.76903.07732.50813.07732.5081
H61.09513.11382.27692.27691.77753.76903.93812.50812.96442.50812.9644
H72.69311.09592.19912.19912.80493.76901.77753.07732.50813.07732.5081
H83.11381.09512.27692.27693.76903.93811.77752.50812.96442.50812.9644
H92.19912.19911.09592.69313.07732.50813.07732.50811.77752.80493.7690
H102.27692.27691.09513.11382.50812.96442.50812.96441.77753.76903.9381
H112.19912.19912.69311.09593.07732.50813.07732.50812.80493.76901.7775
H122.27692.27693.11381.09512.50812.96442.50812.96443.76903.93811.7775

picture of cyclobutane state 1 conformation 1
More geometry information
Calculated Bond Angles
atom1 atom2 atom3 angle atom1 atom2 atom3 angle
C1 C3 C2 88.396 C1 C3 H9 111.453
C1 C3 H10 117.990 C1 C4 C2 88.396
C1 C4 H11 111.453 C1 C4 H12 117.990
C2 C3 H9 111.453 C2 C3 H10 117.990
C2 C4 H11 111.453 C2 C4 H12 117.990
C3 C1 C4 88.396 C3 C1 H5 111.453
C3 C1 H6 117.990 C3 C2 C4 88.396
C3 C2 H7 111.453 C3 C2 H8 117.990
C4 C1 H5 111.453 C4 C1 H6 117.990
C4 C2 H7 111.453 C4 C2 H8 117.990
H5 C1 H6 108.436 H7 C2 H8 108.436
H9 C3 H10 108.436 H11 C4 H12 108.436
Electronic energy levels

Electronic state

Charges, Dipole, Quadrupole and Polarizability
Charges from optimized geometry at B3PW91/6-31G* Charges (e)
Number Element Mulliken CHELPG AIM ESP
1 C -0.323      
2 C -0.323      
3 C -0.323      
4 C -0.323      
5 H 0.163      
6 H 0.160      
7 H 0.163      
8 H 0.160      
9 H 0.163      
10 H 0.160      
11 H 0.163      
12 H 0.160      


Electric dipole moments
Electric dipole components in Debye
(What's a Debye? See section VII.A.3)
  x y z Total
  0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
CHELPG        
AIM        
ESP -0.002 0.000 -0.000 0.002


Electric Quadrupole moment
Quadrupole components in D Å
Primitive
 xyz
x -26.709 0.000 0.000
y 0.000 -26.709 0.000
z 0.000 0.000 -25.351
Traceless
 xyz
x -0.679 0.000 0.000
y 0.000 -0.679 0.000
z 0.000 0.000 1.358
Polar
3z2-r22.716
x2-y20.000
xy0.000
xz0.000
yz0.000


Polarizabilities
Components of the polarizability tensor.
Units are Å3 (Angstrom cubed)
Change units.
  x y z
x 6.134 0.000 0.000
y 0.000 6.134 0.000
z 0.000 0.000 5.755


<r2> (average value of r2) Å2
<r2> 74.676
(<r2>)1/2 8.642