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All results from a given calculation for CH3CH2CH2CH3 (Butane)

using model chemistry: mPW1PW91/6-311+G(3df,2p)

19 10 17 12 22

States and conformations

State Conformation minimum conformation conformer description state description
1 1 yes Anti 1Ag
Energy calculated at mPW1PW91/6-311+G(3df,2p)
 hartrees
Energy at 0K-158.469556
Energy at 298.15K-158.480173
HF Energy-158.469556
Nuclear repulsion energy131.047463
The energy at 298.15K was derived from the energy at 0K and an integrated heat capacity that used the calculated vibrational frequencies.
Vibrational Frequencies calculated at mPW1PW91/6-311+G(3df,2p)
Mode Number Symmetry Frequency
(cm-1)
Scaled Frequency
(cm-1)
IR Intensities
(km mol-1)
Raman Act
4/u)
Dep P Dep U
Au 125 125 0.01      
Au 216 216 0.00      
Bu 255 255 0.03      
Bg 255 255 0.00      
Ag 426 426 0.00      
Au 734 734 3.90      
Bg 810 810 0.00      
Ag 851 851 0.00      
Au 961 961 1.01      
Bu 980 980 6.52      
Bu 1036 1036 0.02      
Ag 1086 1086 0.00      
Ag 1175 1175 0.00      
Bg 1208 1208 0.00      
Au 1290 1290 0.13      
Bu 1321 1321 1.70      
Bg 1334 1334 0.00      
Ag 1398 1398 0.00      
Ag 1410 1410 0.00      
Bu 1413 1413 6.49      
Ag 1488 1488 0.00      
Bu 1491 1491 2.15      
Bg 1498 1498 0.00      
Au 1500 1500 16.44      
Ag 1505 1505 0.00      
Bu 1512 1512 11.31      
Ag 3024 3024 0.00      
Bu 3033 3033 40.71      
Bu 3041 3041 80.64      
Ag 3042 3042 0.00      
Bg 3048 3048 0.00      
Au 3071 3071 18.95      
Bg 3108 3108 0.00      
Au 3112 3112 100.21      
Ag 3116 3116 0.00      
Bu 3117 3117 70.95      

Unscaled Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 28992.4 cm-1
Scaled (by 1) Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 28992.4 cm-1
See section III.C.1 List or set vibrational scaling factors to change the scale factors used here.
See section III.C.2 Calculate a vibrational scaling factor for a given set of molecules to determine the least squares best scaling factor.
Rotational Constants (cm-1) from geometry optimized at mPW1PW91/6-311+G(3df,2p)
ABC
0.78926 0.12200 0.11457

See section I.F.4 to change rotational constant units
Geometric Data calculated at mPW1PW91/6-311+G(3df,2p)

Point Group is C2h

Cartesians (Å)
Atom x (Å) y (Å) z (Å)
C1 -0.419 0.635 0.000
C2 0.419 -0.635 0.000
C3 0.419 1.904 0.000
C4 -0.419 -1.904 0.000
H5 -1.078 0.630 0.874
H6 -1.078 0.630 -0.874
H7 1.078 -0.630 0.874
H8 1.078 -0.630 -0.874
H9 -0.205 2.798 0.000
H10 1.063 1.950 0.880
H11 1.063 1.950 -0.880
H12 0.205 -2.798 0.000
H13 -1.063 -1.950 0.880
H14 -1.063 -1.950 -0.880

Atom - Atom Distances (Å)
  C1 C2 C3 C4 H5 H6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11 H12 H13 H14
C11.52211.52042.53901.09421.09422.14602.14602.17342.16792.16793.48962.80572.8057
C21.52212.53901.52042.14602.14601.09421.09423.48962.80572.80572.17342.16792.1679
C31.52042.53903.89872.15112.15112.75992.75991.09031.09161.09164.70684.22164.2216
C42.53901.52043.89872.75992.75992.15112.15114.70684.22164.22161.09031.09161.0916
H51.09422.14602.15112.75991.74722.49723.04772.49532.51543.06633.76302.57993.1194
H61.09422.14602.15112.75991.74723.04772.49722.49533.06632.51543.76303.11942.5799
H72.14601.09422.75992.15112.49723.04771.74723.76302.57993.11942.49532.51543.0663
H82.14601.09422.75992.15113.04772.49721.74723.76303.11942.57992.49533.06632.5154
H92.17343.48961.09034.70682.49532.49533.76303.76301.76111.76115.61114.90464.9046
H102.16792.80571.09164.22162.51543.06632.57993.11941.76111.76004.90464.44184.7778
H112.16792.80571.09164.22163.06632.51543.11942.57991.76111.76004.90464.77784.4418
H123.48962.17344.70681.09033.76303.76302.49532.49535.61114.90464.90461.76111.7611
H132.80572.16794.22161.09162.57993.11942.51543.06634.90464.44184.77781.76111.7600
H142.80572.16794.22161.09163.11942.57993.06632.51544.90464.77784.44181.76111.7600

picture of Butane state 1 conformation 1
More geometry information
Calculated Bond Angles
atom1 atom2 atom3 angle atom1 atom2 atom3 angle
C1 C2 C4 113.131 C1 C2 H7 109.121
C1 C2 H8 109.121 C1 C3 H9 111.652
C1 C3 H11 111.135 C1 C3 H12 30.844
C2 C1 C3 113.131 C2 C1 H5 109.121
C2 C1 H6 109.121 C2 C4 H10 17.223
C2 C4 H13 111.135 C2 C4 H14 111.135
C3 C1 H5 109.634 C3 C1 H6 109.634
C4 C2 H7 109.634 C4 C2 H8 109.634
H5 C1 H6 105.945 H7 C2 H8 105.945
H9 C3 H11 107.636 H9 C3 H12 142.496
H10 C4 H13 94.456 H10 C4 H14 114.444
H11 C3 H12 93.960 H13 C4 H14 107.450
Electronic energy levels
Charges, Dipole, Quadrupole and Polarizability
Charges from optimized geometry at mPW1PW91/6-311+G(3df,2p) Charges (e)
Number Element Mulliken CHELPG AIM ESP
1 C -0.232      
2 C -0.232      
3 C -0.400      
4 C -0.400      
5 H 0.132      
6 H 0.132      
7 H 0.132      
8 H 0.132      
9 H 0.112      
10 H 0.128      
11 H 0.128      
12 H 0.112      
13 H 0.128      
14 H 0.128      


Electric dipole moments
Electric dipole components in Debye
(What's a Debye? See section VII.A.3)
  x y z Total
  0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
CHELPG        
AIM        
ESP        


Electric Quadrupole moment
Quadrupole components in D Å
Primitive
 xyz
x -28.615 -0.431 0.000
y -0.431 -29.032 0.000
z 0.000 0.000 -27.881
Traceless
 xyz
x -0.159 -0.431 0.000
y -0.431 -0.785 0.000
z 0.000 0.000 0.943
Polar
3z2-r21.887
x2-y20.417
xy-0.431
xz0.000
yz0.000


Polarizabilities
Components of the polarizability tensor.
Units are Å3 (Angstrom cubed)
Change units.
  x y z
x 7.374 0.337 0.000
y 0.337 8.864 0.000
z 0.000 0.000 6.907


<r2> (average value of r2) Å2
<r2> 118.216
(<r2>)1/2 10.873