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All results from a given calculation for C4H6O2 (γ–Butyrolactone)

using model chemistry: B3LYP/6-311+G(3df,2p)

19 10 17 12 22

States and conformations

State Conformation minimum conformation conformer description state description
1 1 yes C1 1A
Energy calculated at B3LYP/6-311+G(3df,2p)
 hartrees
Energy at 0K-306.606881
Energy at 298.15K 
HF Energy-306.606881
Nuclear repulsion energy240.812256
The energy at 298.15K was derived from the energy at 0K and an integrated heat capacity that used the calculated vibrational frequencies.
Vibrational Frequencies calculated at B3LYP/6-311+G(3df,2p)
Mode Number Symmetry Frequency
(cm-1)
Scaled Frequency
(cm-1)
IR Intensities
(km mol-1)
Raman Act
4/u)
Dep P Dep U
1 A 3121 3018 8.56      
2 A 3111 3008 22.71      
3 A 3100 2998 15.78      
4 A 3054 2953 21.07      
5 A 3043 2943 5.41      
6 A 3034 2934 37.14      
7 A 1852 1791 438.14      
8 A 1530 1479 0.90      
9 A 1504 1454 6.16      
10 A 1470 1421 8.46      
11 A 1397 1351 17.11      
12 A 1344 1299 1.02      
13 A 1306 1263 5.24      
14 A 1261 1220 7.50      
15 A 1219 1179 9.46      
16 A 1200 1160 2.60      
17 A 1162 1124 217.07      
18 A 1098 1062 9.31      
19 A 1054 1019 78.95      
20 A 1008 975 20.38      
21 A 932 902 4.98      
22 A 894 864 8.90      
23 A 874 845 20.61      
24 A 802 776 4.14      
25 A 684 661 4.19      
26 A 641 620 5.05      
27 A 537 519 3.86      
28 A 490 474 3.07      
29 A 201 194 1.86      
30 A 146 142 1.21      

Unscaled Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 21533.3 cm-1
Scaled (by 0.967) Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 20822.7 cm-1
See section III.C.1 List or set vibrational scaling factors to change the scale factors used here.
See section III.C.2 Calculate a vibrational scaling factor for a given set of molecules to determine the least squares best scaling factor.
Rotational Constants (cm-1) from geometry optimized at B3LYP/6-311+G(3df,2p)
ABC
0.24373 0.11946 0.08518

See section I.F.4 to change rotational constant units
Geometric Data calculated at B3LYP/6-311+G(3df,2p)

Point Group is C1

Cartesians (Å)
Atom x (Å) y (Å) z (Å)
C1 0.888 -0.003 0.003
C2 -0.023 1.206 0.161
C3 -1.406 0.669 -0.210
C4 -1.269 -0.822 0.124
O5 0.129 -1.130 -0.045
O6 2.081 -0.030 -0.068
H7 0.334 2.028 -0.454
H8 0.030 1.527 1.204
H9 -1.591 0.800 -1.276
H10 -2.222 1.138 0.335
H11 -1.832 -1.477 -0.536
H12 -1.543 -1.040 1.159

Atom - Atom Distances (Å)
  C1 C2 C3 C4 O5 O6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11 H12
C11.52202.39962.31051.36011.19482.15372.12572.90303.32983.14062.8852
C21.52201.52872.37992.34982.45081.08681.09262.16552.20693.30972.8895
C32.39961.52871.53362.37003.55852.22082.19001.09031.08822.21182.1934
C42.31052.37991.53361.44103.44713.32002.89272.16642.18991.08731.0922
O51.36012.34982.37001.44102.24063.19072.93712.86313.28882.05082.0620
O61.19482.45083.55853.44712.24062.72672.87173.95374.47694.19773.9569
H72.15371.08682.22083.32003.19072.72671.75862.42722.81904.12073.9413
H82.12571.09262.19002.89272.93712.87171.75863.05112.44523.93903.0106
H92.90302.16551.09032.16642.86313.95372.42723.05111.76302.40583.0518
H103.32982.20691.08822.18993.28884.47692.81902.44521.76302.78402.4257
H113.14063.30972.21181.08732.05084.19774.12073.93902.40582.78401.7736
H122.88522.88952.19341.09222.06203.95693.94133.01063.05182.42571.7736

picture of γ–Butyrolactone state 1 conformation 1
More geometry information
Calculated Bond Angles
atom1 atom2 atom3 angle atom1 atom2 atom3 angle
C1 C2 C3 103.732 C1 C2 H7 110.175
C1 C2 H8 107.645 C1 O5 C4 111.114
C2 C1 O5 109.104 C2 C1 O6 128.467
C2 C3 C4 102.002 C2 C3 H9 110.438
C2 C3 H10 113.929 C3 C2 H7 115.189
C3 C2 H8 112.258 C3 C4 O5 105.597
C3 C4 H11 114.029 C3 C4 H12 112.208
C4 C3 H9 110.167 C4 C3 H10 112.170
O5 C1 O6 122.429 O5 C4 H11 107.590
O5 C4 H12 108.186 H7 C2 H8 107.589
H9 C3 H10 108.058 H11 C4 H12 108.933
Electronic energy levels
Charges, Dipole, Quadrupole and Polarizability
Charges from optimized geometry at B3LYP/6-311+G(3df,2p) Charges (e)
Number Element Mulliken CHELPG AIM ESP
1 C 0.993      
2 C -0.372      
3 C -0.269      
4 C 0.065      
5 O -0.653      
6 O -0.737      
7 H 0.164      
8 H 0.181      
9 H 0.164      
10 H 0.151      
11 H 0.156      
12 H 0.156      


Electric dipole moments
Electric dipole components in Debye
(What's a Debye? See section VII.A.3)
  x y z Total
  -4.503 1.537 0.392 4.775
CHELPG        
AIM        
ESP        


Electric Quadrupole moment
Quadrupole components in D Å
Primitive
 xyz
x -41.331 1.777 0.274
y 1.777 -35.599 -0.119
z 0.274 -0.119 -33.847
Traceless
 xyz
x -6.607 1.777 0.274
y 1.777 1.989 -0.119
z 0.274 -0.119 4.618
Polar
3z2-r29.236
x2-y2-5.731
xy1.777
xz0.274
yz-0.119


Polarizabilities
Components of the polarizability tensor.
Units are Å3 (Angstrom cubed)
Change units.
  x y z
x 9.318 0.311 -0.073
y 0.311 7.764 0.024
z -0.073 0.024 6.277


<r2> (average value of r2) Å2
<r2> 140.314
(<r2>)1/2 11.845