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All results from a given calculation for CH3CHCH2CH3 (2-Butyl radical)

using model chemistry: B3LYP/CEP-121G

19 10 17 12 22

States and conformations

State Conformation minimum conformation conformer description state description
1 1 yes C1 1A
Energy calculated at B3LYP/CEP-121G
 hartrees
Energy at 0K-27.935898
Energy at 298.15K-27.944273
Nuclear repulsion energy69.976470
The energy at 298.15K was derived from the energy at 0K and an integrated heat capacity that used the calculated vibrational frequencies.
Vibrational Frequencies calculated at B3LYP/CEP-121G
Mode Number Symmetry Frequency
(cm-1)
Scaled Frequency
(cm-1)
IR Intensities
(km mol-1)
Raman Act
(Å4/u)
Dep P Dep U
1 A 3109 3029 58.17      
2 A 3070 2992 53.24      
3 A 3065 2987 56.12      
4 A 3063 2984 40.88      
5 A 2990 2913 53.89      
6 A 2982 2906 44.14      
7 A 2956 2880 40.44      
8 A 2915 2841 71.00      
9 A 2893 2820 52.90      
10 A 1525 1487 5.67      
11 A 1521 1482 8.34      
12 A 1513 1475 6.71      
13 A 1502 1463 1.61      
14 A 1500 1461 9.37      
15 A 1432 1395 11.07      
16 A 1428 1391 0.04      
17 A 1404 1368 0.16      
18 A 1318 1284 5.99      
19 A 1270 1238 0.06      
20 A 1182 1152 0.36      
21 A 1130 1101 0.16      
22 A 1074 1047 0.65      
23 A 1026 1000 0.05      
24 A 994 969 4.65      
25 A 986 961 2.15      
26 A 840 819 0.26      
27 A 777 757 1.59      
28 A 424 413 0.16      
29 A 346 337 28.55      
30 A 254 248 2.24      
31 A 228 222 0.54      
32 A 92 89 0.75      
33 A 48 47 0.11      

Unscaled Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 25427.3 cm-1
Scaled (by 0.9745) Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 24778.9 cm-1
See section III.C.1 List or set vibrational scaling factors to change the scale factors used here.
See section III.C.2 Calculate a vibrational scaling factor for a given set of molecules to determine the least squares best scaling factor.
Rotational Constants (cm-1) from geometry optimized at B3LYP/CEP-121G
ABC
0.87355 0.11789 0.11065

See section I.F.4 to change rotational constant units
Geometric Data calculated at B3LYP/CEP-121G

Point Group is C1

Cartesians (Å)
Atom x (Å) y (Å) z (Å)
C1 2.021 -0.030 -0.050
H2 2.143 -0.790 -0.839
H3 2.721 0.789 -0.258
H4 2.349 -0.508 0.893
C5 0.591 0.460 0.030
H6 0.399 1.515 0.240
C7 -0.572 -0.514 0.074
H8 -0.546 -1.092 1.021
H9 -0.449 -1.269 -0.724
C10 -1.960 0.167 -0.063
H11 -2.122 0.894 0.745
H12 -2.040 0.703 -1.018
H13 -2.771 -0.572 -0.019

Atom - Atom Distances (Å)
  C1 H2 H3 H4 C5 H6 C7 H8 H9 C10 H11 H12 H13
C11.10231.09751.10761.51422.25952.64092.97762.84463.98604.31844.23924.8230
H21.10231.77971.76742.17423.08592.87753.28352.63844.28384.85104.44544.9869
H31.09751.77971.77442.17492.48373.55723.98123.80864.72624.94664.82255.6636
H41.10761.76741.77442.18522.88563.03372.95613.32004.46504.68754.93855.2011
C51.51422.17422.17492.18521.09331.51732.16392.15372.56902.83842.84253.5170
H62.25953.08592.48372.88561.09332.25592.88113.06622.73382.64462.86203.8044
C72.64092.87753.55723.03371.51732.25591.10961.10501.55202.19872.19792.2019
H82.97763.28353.98122.95612.16392.88111.10961.75602.18112.54953.10042.5101
H92.84462.63843.80863.32002.15373.06621.10501.75602.18653.10382.55142.5248
C103.98604.28384.72624.46502.56902.73381.55202.18112.18651.09931.09851.0984
H114.31844.85104.94664.68752.83842.64462.19872.54953.10381.09931.77591.7762
H124.23924.44544.82254.93852.84252.86202.19793.10042.55141.09851.77591.7779
H134.82304.98695.66365.20113.51703.80442.20192.51012.52481.09841.77621.7779

picture of 2-Butyl radical state 1 conformation 1
More geometry information
Calculated Bond Angles
atom1 atom2 atom3 angle atom1 atom2 atom3 angle
C1 C5 H6 119.236 C1 C5 C7 121.182
H2 C1 H3 107.998 H2 C1 H4 106.213
H2 C1 C5 111.421 H3 C1 H4 107.162
H3 C1 C5 111.776 H4 C1 C5 111.979
C5 C7 H8 109.948 C5 C7 H9 109.425
C5 C7 C10 113.644 H6 C5 C7 118.664
C7 C10 H11 110.901 C7 C10 H12 110.883
C7 C10 H13 111.207 H8 C7 H9 104.916
H8 C7 C10 108.933 H9 C7 C10 109.609
H11 C10 H12 107.809 H11 C10 H13 107.848
H12 C10 H13 108.052
Electronic energy levels
Charges, Dipole, Quadrupole and Polarizability
Charges from optimized geometry at B3LYP/CEP-121G Charges (e)
Number Element Mulliken CHELPG AIM ESP
1 C -0.539      
2 H 0.150      
3 H 0.152      
4 H 0.149      
5 C -0.001      
6 H 0.117      
7 C -0.246      
8 H 0.133      
9 H 0.134      
10 C -0.481      
11 H 0.143      
12 H 0.147      
13 H 0.142      


Electric dipole moments
Electric dipole components in Debye
(What's a Debye? See section VII.A.3)
  x y z Total
  0.065 -0.162 0.152 0.231
CHELPG        
AIM        
ESP        


Electric Quadrupole moment
Quadrupole components in D Å
Primitive
 xyz
x -27.724 0.183 -0.023
y 0.183 -27.569 0.325
z -0.023 0.325 -28.402
Traceless
 xyz
x 0.262 0.183 -0.023
y 0.183 0.494 0.325
z -0.023 0.325 -0.756
Polar
3z2-r2-1.511
x2-y2-0.155
xy0.183
xz-0.023
yz0.325


Polarizabilities
Components of the polarizability tensor.
Units are Å3 (Angstrom cubed)
Change units.
  x y z
x 8.212 0.006 -0.009
y 0.006 6.979 -0.003
z -0.009 -0.003 6.094


<r2> (average value of r2) Å2
<r2> 101.431
(<r2>)1/2 10.071