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All results from a given calculation for CH3CHCH2CH3 (2-Butyl radical)

using model chemistry: B3LYP/CEP-121G*

19 10 17 12 22

States and conformations

State Conformation minimum conformation conformer description state description
1 1 yes C1 1A
Energy calculated at B3LYP/CEP-121G*
 hartrees
Energy at 0K-27.976413
Energy at 298.15K-27.984812
Nuclear repulsion energy70.208600
The energy at 298.15K was derived from the energy at 0K and an integrated heat capacity that used the calculated vibrational frequencies.
Vibrational Frequencies calculated at B3LYP/CEP-121G*
Mode Number Symmetry Frequency
(cm-1)
Scaled Frequency
(cm-1)
IR Intensities
(km mol-1)
Raman Act
4/u)
Dep P Dep U
1 A 3125 3029 47.88      
2 A 3083 2988 50.75      
3 A 3077 2983 54.75      
4 A 3074 2980 36.34      
5 A 3014 2921 36.08      
6 A 3012 2920 51.49      
7 A 2987 2896 31.62      
8 A 2934 2844 65.04      
9 A 2910 2821 50.91      
10 A 1514 1468 3.96      
11 A 1508 1462 7.00      
12 A 1499 1453 4.91      
13 A 1487 1442 7.05      
14 A 1484 1438 0.90      
15 A 1420 1376 3.77      
16 A 1417 1374 0.56      
17 A 1401 1359 0.19      
18 A 1304 1264 9.95      
19 A 1268 1229 0.20      
20 A 1169 1133 0.30      
21 A 1113 1079 0.12      
22 A 1064 1031 0.81      
23 A 1012 981 0.11      
24 A 976 946 2.45      
25 A 967 938 1.68      
26 A 834 809 0.31      
27 A 760 737 0.95      
28 A 419 406 0.26      
29 A 381 369 23.56      
30 A 253 245 1.67      
31 A 229 222 0.16      
32 A 111 107 0.16      
33 A 60 58 0.06      

Unscaled Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 25431.2 cm-1
Scaled (by 0.9694) Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 24653.0 cm-1
See section III.C.1 List or set vibrational scaling factors to change the scale factors used here.
See section III.C.2 Calculate a vibrational scaling factor for a given set of molecules to determine the least squares best scaling factor.
Rotational Constants (cm-1) from geometry optimized at B3LYP/CEP-121G*
ABC
0.87406 0.11897 0.11187

See section I.F.4 to change rotational constant units
Geometric Data calculated at B3LYP/CEP-121G*

Point Group is C1

Cartesians (Å)
Atom x (Å) y (Å) z (Å)
C1 2.009 -0.031 -0.067
H2 2.112 -0.815 -0.832
H3 2.703 0.781 -0.317
H4 2.362 -0.477 0.883
C5 0.587 0.459 0.035
H6 0.409 1.498 0.322
C7 -0.569 -0.508 0.098
H8 -0.558 -1.047 1.067
H9 -0.434 -1.293 -0.665
C10 -1.949 0.165 -0.084
H11 -2.123 0.924 0.691
H12 -2.019 0.662 -1.060
H13 -2.762 -0.571 -0.019

Atom - Atom Distances (Å)
  C1 H2 H3 H4 C5 H6 C7 H8 H9 C10 H11 H12 H13
C11.10091.09741.10721.50682.24612.62692.98452.81373.96294.30754.20614.8013
H21.10091.77881.76612.16763.09492.85433.28442.59524.24394.82434.39304.9469
H31.09741.77881.77182.16912.48643.54153.98683.77664.69894.93224.78195.6376
H41.10721.76611.77182.17842.83343.03522.98153.29884.46514.70274.92665.2040
C51.50682.16762.16912.17841.09241.50842.15502.14482.55632.82692.83453.5042
H62.24613.09492.48642.83341.09242.24262.82283.07742.73952.62262.91633.8015
C72.62692.85433.54153.03521.50842.24261.10901.10311.54572.19402.19352.1966
H82.98453.28443.98682.98152.15502.82281.10901.75372.17422.54423.09512.5024
H92.81372.59523.77663.29882.14483.07741.10311.75372.18123.09902.54762.5215
C103.96294.24394.69894.46512.55632.73951.54572.17422.18121.09861.09781.0979
H114.30754.82434.93224.70272.82692.62262.19402.54423.09901.09861.77361.7737
H124.20614.39304.78194.92662.83452.91632.19353.09512.54761.09781.77361.7763
H134.80134.94695.63765.20403.50423.80152.19662.50242.52151.09791.77371.7763

picture of 2-Butyl radical state 1 conformation 1
More geometry information
Calculated Bond Angles
atom1 atom2 atom3 angle atom1 atom2 atom3 angle
C1 C5 H6 118.704 C1 C5 C7 121.201
H2 C1 H3 108.027 H2 C1 H4 106.229
H2 C1 C5 111.503 H3 C1 H4 106.962
H3 C1 C5 111.834 H4 C1 C5 111.983
C5 C7 H8 109.901 C5 C7 H9 109.443
C5 C7 C10 113.642 H6 C5 C7 118.265
C7 C10 H11 111.008 C7 C10 H12 111.013
C7 C10 H13 111.256 H8 C7 H9 104.892
H8 C7 C10 108.860 H9 C7 C10 109.734
H11 C10 H12 107.698 H11 C10 H13 107.711
H12 C10 H13 107.998
Electronic energy levels
Charges, Dipole, Quadrupole and Polarizability
Charges from optimized geometry at B3LYP/CEP-121G* Charges (e)
Number Element Mulliken CHELPG AIM ESP
1 C -0.535      
2 H 0.163      
3 H 0.170      
4 H 0.159      
5 C -0.121      
6 H 0.148      
7 C -0.233      
8 H 0.146      
9 H 0.150      
10 C -0.533      
11 H 0.156      
12 H 0.162      
13 H 0.166      


Electric dipole moments
Electric dipole components in Debye
(What's a Debye? See section VII.A.3)
  x y z Total
  0.067 -0.162 0.184 0.254
CHELPG        
AIM        
ESP        


Electric Quadrupole moment
Quadrupole components in D Å
Primitive
 xyz
x -27.886 0.251 -0.044
y 0.251 -27.534 0.429
z -0.044 0.429 -28.229
Traceless
 xyz
x -0.004 0.251 -0.044
y 0.251 0.523 0.429
z -0.044 0.429 -0.519
Polar
3z2-r2-1.037
x2-y2-0.352
xy0.251
xz-0.044
yz0.429


Polarizabilities
Components of the polarizability tensor.
Units are Å3 (Angstrom cubed)
Change units.
  x y z
x 8.525 0.001 -0.019
y 0.001 7.040 0.007
z -0.019 0.007 6.211


<r2> (average value of r2) Å2
<r2> 100.718
(<r2>)1/2 10.036