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All results from a given calculation for C6H5CH3 (toluene)

using model chemistry: BLYP/6-31G(2df,p)

19 10 17 12 22

States and conformations

State Conformation minimum conformation conformer description state description
1 1 yes CS 1A'
Energy calculated at BLYP/6-31G(2df,p)
 hartrees
Energy at 0K-271.440838
Energy at 298.15K-271.448635
Nuclear repulsion energy267.309133
The energy at 298.15K was derived from the energy at 0K and an integrated heat capacity that used the calculated vibrational frequencies.
Vibrational Frequencies calculated at BLYP/6-31G(2df,p)
Mode Number Symmetry Frequency
(cm-1)
Scaled Frequency
(cm-1)
IR Intensities
(km mol-1)
Raman Act
4/u)
Dep P Dep U
1 A' 3116 3099 18.61      
2 A' 3094 3077 8.91      
3 A' 3080 3063 10.35      
4 A' 3006 2989 21.06      
5 A' 2952 2936 30.46      
6 A' 1582 1573 6.11      
7 A' 1483 1475 11.31      
8 A' 1452 1444 3.74      
9 A' 1373 1366 0.03      
10 A' 1191 1184 2.13      
11 A' 1175 1168 0.22      
12 A' 1032 1026 8.21      
13 A' 1021 1015 1.54      
14 A' 986 980 0.04      
15 A' 944 939 0.09      
16 A' 874 869 0.29      
17 A' 773 769 0.75      
18 A' 728 724 31.92      
19 A' 692 688 9.18      
20 A' 512 509 0.53      
21 A' 464 461 4.01      
22 A' 205 203 1.30      
23 A" 3102 3085 46.79      
24 A" 3082 3065 6.34      
25 A" 3034 3017 16.29      
26 A" 1563 1555 0.21      
27 A" 1463 1455 9.54      
28 A" 1425 1417 0.24      
29 A" 1314 1307 0.00      
30 A" 1303 1296 0.18      
31 A" 1154 1148 0.06      
32 A" 1082 1076 3.43      
33 A" 973 968 0.01      
34 A" 908 903 0.00      
35 A" 836 832 0.01      
36 A" 616 613 0.06      
37 A" 400 398 0.00      
38 A" 332 330 0.19      
39 A" 18 18 0.20      

Unscaled Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 27168.4 cm-1
Scaled (by 0.9945) Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 27019.0 cm-1
See section III.C.1 List or set vibrational scaling factors to change the scale factors used here.
See section III.C.2 Calculate a vibrational scaling factor for a given set of molecules to determine the least squares best scaling factor.
Rotational Constants (cm-1) from geometry optimized at BLYP/6-31G(2df,p)
ABC
0.18272 0.08285 0.05762

See section I.F.4 to change rotational constant units
Geometric Data calculated at BLYP/6-31G(2df,p)

Point Group is Cs

Cartesians (Å)
Atom x (Å) y (Å) z (Å)
C1 0.004 0.918 0.000
C2 0.007 0.195 1.209
C3 0.007 -1.207 1.211
C4 0.006 -1.915 0.000
C5 0.007 -1.207 -1.211
C6 0.007 0.195 -1.209
C7 -0.027 2.437 0.000
H8 0.012 0.738 2.157
H9 0.012 -1.747 2.161
H10 0.010 -3.006 0.000
H11 0.012 -1.747 -2.161
H12 0.012 0.738 -2.157
H13 -1.064 2.817 0.000
H14 0.470 2.851 0.891
H15 0.470 2.851 -0.891

Atom - Atom Distances (Å)
  C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 H8 H9 H10 H11 H12 H13 H14 H15
C11.40822.44632.83272.44631.40821.51952.16483.43093.92433.43092.16482.17842.17842.1784
C21.40821.40242.43152.79702.41722.54721.09312.16303.42203.88913.40943.07912.71393.4167
C32.44631.40241.40292.42292.79703.84062.16321.09212.16893.41533.89014.33684.09654.5935
C42.83272.43151.40291.40292.43154.35203.41932.16751.09172.16753.41934.85104.86984.8698
C52.44632.79702.42291.40291.40243.84063.89013.41532.16891.09212.16324.33684.59354.0965
C61.40822.41722.79702.43151.40242.54723.40943.88913.42202.16301.09313.07913.41672.7139
C71.51952.54723.84064.35203.84062.54722.74634.70935.44364.70932.74631.10421.10081.1008
H82.16481.09312.16323.41933.89013.40942.74632.48514.32154.98224.31463.18302.50483.7369
H93.43092.16301.09212.16753.41533.88914.70932.48512.50124.32194.98225.16284.79135.5372
H103.92433.42202.16891.09172.16893.42205.44364.32152.50122.50124.32155.92135.94205.9420
H113.43093.88913.41532.16751.09212.16304.70934.98224.32192.50122.48515.16285.53724.7913
H122.16483.40943.89013.41932.16321.09312.74634.31464.98224.32152.48513.18303.73692.5048
H132.17843.07914.33684.85104.33683.07911.10423.18305.16285.92135.16283.18301.77401.7740
H142.17842.71394.09654.86984.59353.41671.10082.50484.79135.94205.53723.73691.77401.7824
H152.17843.41674.59354.86984.09652.71391.10083.73695.53725.94204.79132.50481.77401.7824

picture of toluene state 1 conformation 1
More geometry information
Calculated Bond Angles
atom1 atom2 atom3 angle atom1 atom2 atom3 angle
C1 C2 C3 120.999 C1 C2 H8 119.333
C1 C6 C5 120.999 C1 C6 H12 119.333
C1 C7 H13 111.273 C1 C7 H14 111.480
C1 C7 H15 111.480 C2 C1 C6 118.235
C2 C1 C7 120.878 C2 C3 C4 120.166
C2 C3 H9 119.728 C3 C2 H8 119.668
C3 C4 C5 119.434 C3 C4 H10 120.283
C4 C3 H9 120.105 C4 C5 C6 120.166
C4 C5 H11 120.105 C5 C4 H10 120.283
C5 C6 H12 119.668 C6 C1 C7 120.878
C6 C5 H11 119.728 H13 C7 H14 107.135
H13 C7 H15 107.135 H14 C7 H15 108.116
Electronic energy levels
Charges, Dipole, Quadrupole and Polarizability
Charges from optimized geometry at BLYP/6-31G(2df,p) Charges (e)
Number Element Mulliken CHELPG AIM ESP
1 C 0.372      
2 C -0.170      
3 C -0.064      
4 C -0.099      
5 C -0.064      
6 C -0.170      
7 C -0.471      
8 H 0.062      
9 H 0.068      
10 H 0.069      
11 H 0.068      
12 H 0.062      
13 H 0.119      
14 H 0.110      
15 H 0.110      


Electric dipole moments
Electric dipole components in Debye
(What's a Debye? See section VII.A.3)
  x y z Total
  -0.038 0.333 0.000 0.335
CHELPG        
AIM        
ESP        


Electric Quadrupole moment
Quadrupole components in D Å
Primitive
 xyz
x -44.427 -0.103 0.000
y -0.103 -38.479 0.000
z 0.000 0.000 -38.870
Traceless
 xyz
x -5.753 -0.103 0.000
y -0.103 3.169 0.000
z 0.000 0.000 2.583
Polar
3z2-r25.166
x2-y2-5.948
xy-0.103
xz0.000
yz0.000


Polarizabilities
Components of the polarizability tensor.
Units are Å3 (Angstrom cubed)
Change units.
  x y z
x 5.355 -0.096 0.000
y -0.096 14.340 0.000
z 0.000 0.000 12.260


<r2> (average value of r2) Å2
<r2> 203.361
(<r2>)1/2 14.260