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All results from a given calculation for CH3CHCH2CH3 (2-Butyl radical)

using model chemistry: HF/6-31G(2df,p)

19 10 17 12 22

States and conformations

State Conformation minimum conformation conformer description state description
1 1 yes C1 1A
Energy calculated at HF/6-31G(2df,p)
 hartrees
Energy at 0K-156.692203
Energy at 298.15K-156.701040
Nuclear repulsion energy122.153902
The energy at 298.15K was derived from the energy at 0K and an integrated heat capacity that used the calculated vibrational frequencies.
Vibrational Frequencies calculated at HF/6-31G(2df,p)
Mode Number Symmetry Frequency
(cm-1)
Scaled Frequency
(cm-1)
IR Intensities
(km mol-1)
Raman Act
4/u)
Dep P Dep U
1 A 3281 2971 42.07      
2 A 3233 2928 47.41      
3 A 3229 2924 20.41      
4 A 3228 2923 65.61      
5 A 3188 2886 40.79      
6 A 3164 2865 26.65      
7 A 3160 2862 28.58      
8 A 3117 2823 49.41      
9 A 3096 2804 38.89      
10 A 1622 1469 2.16      
11 A 1615 1462 4.43      
12 A 1607 1455 2.73      
13 A 1600 1449 3.31      
14 A 1598 1447 1.50      
15 A 1542 1396 0.15      
16 A 1536 1390 1.96      
17 A 1520 1376 0.11      
18 A 1422 1287 10.53      
19 A 1383 1252 0.11      
20 A 1268 1148 0.38      
21 A 1189 1076 0.07      
22 A 1168 1058 1.63      
23 A 1088 986 0.17      
24 A 1059 959 0.57      
25 A 1047 948 2.29      
26 A 893 808 0.24      
27 A 828 750 0.65      
28 A 485 439 13.90      
29 A 445 403 1.45      
30 A 275 249 0.73      
31 A 259 234 0.02      
32 A 145 132 0.07      
33 A 77 70 0.06      

Unscaled Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 27182.7 cm-1
Scaled (by 0.9055) Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 24613.9 cm-1
See section III.C.1 List or set vibrational scaling factors to change the scale factors used here.
See section III.C.2 Calculate a vibrational scaling factor for a given set of molecules to determine the least squares best scaling factor.
Rotational Constants (cm-1) from geometry optimized at HF/6-31G(2df,p)
ABC
0.88999 0.12112 0.11396

See section I.F.4 to change rotational constant units
Geometric Data calculated at HF/6-31G(2df,p)

Point Group is C1

Cartesians (Å)
Atom x (Å) y (Å) z (Å)
C1 1.987 -0.050 -0.064
H2 2.080 -0.837 -0.808
H3 2.679 0.744 -0.327
H4 2.321 -0.470 0.888
C5 0.578 0.455 0.019
H6 0.423 1.452 0.402
C7 -0.573 -0.505 0.097
H8 -0.555 -1.027 1.058
H9 -0.446 -1.281 -0.657
C10 -1.935 0.166 -0.082
H11 -2.102 0.918 0.685
H12 -2.003 0.657 -1.048
H13 -2.741 -0.559 -0.016

Atom - Atom Distances (Å)
  C1 H2 H3 H4 C5 H6 C7 H8 H9 C10 H11 H12 H13
C11.08731.08541.09231.49932.21792.60612.94612.79133.92854.26834.17024.7557
H21.08731.75811.75142.14733.07422.82343.23502.56984.20214.77484.35474.8936
H31.08541.75811.75392.14892.47423.51013.93923.73894.65694.88994.73815.5831
H41.09231.75141.75392.15602.74453.00112.93523.27194.41154.64014.86985.1428
C51.49932.14732.14892.15601.07921.50162.13562.12622.53192.79982.80013.4705
H62.21793.07422.47422.74451.07922.21782.74483.05742.72962.59632.93603.7723
C72.60612.82343.51013.00111.50162.21781.09381.08921.52862.16972.16912.1708
H82.94613.23503.93922.93522.13562.74481.09381.73772.15072.51273.06052.4795
H92.79132.56983.73893.27192.12623.05741.08921.73772.15433.06222.51612.4892
C103.92854.20214.65694.41152.53192.72961.52862.15072.15431.08671.08611.0857
H114.26834.77484.88994.64012.79982.59632.16972.51273.06221.08671.75501.7554
H124.17024.35474.73814.86982.80012.93602.16913.06052.51611.08611.75501.7575
H134.75574.89365.58315.14283.47053.77232.17082.47952.48921.08571.75541.7575

picture of 2-Butyl radical state 1 conformation 1
More geometry information
Calculated Bond Angles
atom1 atom2 atom3 angle atom1 atom2 atom3 angle
C1 C5 H6 117.749 C1 C5 C7 120.554
H2 C1 H3 108.033 H2 C1 H4 106.943
H2 C1 C5 111.227 H3 C1 H4 107.301
H3 C1 C5 111.478 H4 C1 C5 111.634
C5 C7 H8 109.742 C5 C7 H9 109.267
C5 C7 C10 113.343 H6 C5 C7 117.551
C7 C10 H11 110.988 C7 C10 H12 110.981
C7 C10 H13 111.135 H8 C7 H9 105.503
H8 C7 C10 109.071 H9 C7 C10 109.618
H11 C10 H12 107.745 H11 C10 H13 107.803
H12 C10 H13 108.041
Electronic energy levels
Charges, Dipole, Quadrupole and Polarizability
Charges from optimized geometry at HF/6-31G(2df,p) Charges (e)
Number Element Mulliken CHELPG AIM ESP
1 C -0.421      
2 H 0.135      
3 H 0.139      
4 H 0.133      
5 C -0.117      
6 H 0.125      
7 C -0.225      
8 H 0.120      
9 H 0.122      
10 C -0.407      
11 H 0.130      
12 H 0.134      
13 H 0.131      


Electric dipole moments
Electric dipole components in Debye
(What's a Debye? See section VII.A.3)
  x y z Total
  0.046 -0.117 0.196 0.233
CHELPG        
AIM        
ESP        


Electric Quadrupole moment
Quadrupole components in D Å
Primitive
 xyz
x -27.768 0.224 -0.004
y 0.224 -27.236 0.426
z -0.004 0.426 -27.653
Traceless
 xyz
x -0.324 0.224 -0.004
y 0.224 0.475 0.426
z -0.004 0.426 -0.151
Polar
3z2-r2-0.303
x2-y2-0.532
xy0.224
xz-0.004
yz0.426


Polarizabilities
Components of the polarizability tensor.
Units are Å3 (Angstrom cubed)
Change units.
  x y z
x 7.217 0.009 -0.038
y 0.009 6.047 0.093
z -0.038 0.093 5.411


<r2> (average value of r2) Å2
<r2> 116.650
(<r2>)1/2 10.800