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All results from a given calculation for C4H6O2 (γ–Butyrolactone)

using model chemistry: PBEPBE/6-31G(2df,p)

19 10 17 12 22

States and conformations

State Conformation minimum conformation conformer description state description
1 1 yes C1 1A
Energy calculated at PBEPBE/6-31G(2df,p)
 hartrees
Energy at 0K-306.156853
Energy at 298.15K 
HF Energy-306.156853
Nuclear repulsion energy239.325549
The energy at 298.15K was derived from the energy at 0K and an integrated heat capacity that used the calculated vibrational frequencies.
Vibrational Frequencies calculated at PBEPBE/6-31G(2df,p)
Mode Number Symmetry Frequency
(cm-1)
Scaled Frequency
(cm-1)
IR Intensities
(km mol-1)
Raman Act
4/u)
Dep P Dep U
1 A 3077 3046 7.33      
2 A 3064 3032 15.68      
3 A 3043 3012 21.84      
4 A 3004 2974 18.08      
5 A 2993 2962 5.62      
6 A 2963 2933 42.66      
7 A 1834 1815 320.75      
8 A 1470 1455 0.48      
9 A 1444 1429 4.56      
10 A 1410 1396 7.01      
11 A 1346 1332 15.00      
12 A 1294 1281 2.18      
13 A 1253 1240 6.39      
14 A 1216 1204 4.77      
15 A 1174 1162 11.60      
16 A 1154 1143 2.34      
17 A 1120 1109 169.98      
18 A 1054 1043 13.75      
19 A 1033 1022 55.61      
20 A 986 975 22.92      
21 A 922 913 3.09      
22 A 866 857 7.16      
23 A 849 840 15.85      
24 A 783 775 2.82      
25 A 664 657 3.12      
26 A 617 611 3.89      
27 A 514 508 1.85      
28 A 472 467 2.61      
29 A 202 200 1.35      
30 A 147 146 0.91      

Unscaled Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 20984.0 cm-1
Scaled (by 0.9897) Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 20767.9 cm-1
See section III.C.1 List or set vibrational scaling factors to change the scale factors used here.
See section III.C.2 Calculate a vibrational scaling factor for a given set of molecules to determine the least squares best scaling factor.
Rotational Constants (cm-1) from geometry optimized at PBEPBE/6-31G(2df,p)
ABC
0.24040 0.11818 0.08437

See section I.F.4 to change rotational constant units
Geometric Data calculated at PBEPBE/6-31G(2df,p)

Point Group is C1

Cartesians (Å)
Atom x (Å) y (Å) z (Å)
C1 0.892 0.004 0.004
C2 -0.033 1.211 0.172
C3 -1.409 0.668 -0.224
C4 -1.268 -0.823 0.129
O5 0.129 -1.141 -0.044
O6 2.095 -0.027 -0.074
H7 0.331 2.056 -0.428
H8 0.004 1.517 1.232
H9 -1.570 0.786 -1.308
H10 -2.251 1.144 0.300
H11 -1.848 -1.493 -0.523
H12 -1.548 -1.026 1.180

Atom - Atom Distances (Å)
  C1 C2 C3 C4 O5 O6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11 H12
C11.53042.40592.31641.37661.20562.17092.14252.89773.35613.16632.8975
C21.53041.53142.38032.36762.47381.09821.10452.17572.22243.33032.8835
C32.40591.53141.53912.38123.57522.23532.19981.10201.09952.22572.2046
C42.31642.38031.53911.44303.46193.34042.88332.17892.20521.10051.1059
O51.37662.36762.38121.44302.26023.22642.95152.86363.31652.06412.0786
O61.20562.47383.57523.46192.26022.75172.90893.95204.51574.23053.9797
H72.17091.09822.23533.34043.22642.75171.77572.45022.83344.16603.9514
H82.14251.10452.19982.88332.95152.90891.77573.07672.46833.94662.9797
H92.89772.17571.10202.17892.86363.95202.45023.07671.78182.42693.0779
H103.35612.22241.09952.20523.31654.51572.83342.46831.78182.79172.4445
H113.16633.33032.22571.10052.06414.23054.16603.94662.42692.79171.7914
H122.89752.88352.20461.10592.07863.97973.95142.97973.07792.44451.7914

picture of γ–Butyrolactone state 1 conformation 1
More geometry information
Calculated Bond Angles
atom1 atom2 atom3 angle atom1 atom2 atom3 angle
C1 C2 C3 103.586 C1 C2 H7 110.277
C1 C2 H8 107.705 C1 O5 C4 110.454
C2 C1 O5 108.949 C2 C1 O6 129.034
C2 C3 C4 101.650 C2 C3 H9 110.357
C2 C3 H10 114.278 C3 C2 H7 115.449
C3 C2 H8 112.125 C3 C4 O5 105.934
C3 C4 H11 113.934 C3 C4 H12 111.882
C4 C3 H9 110.076 C4 C3 H10 112.315
O5 C1 O6 122.016 O5 C4 H11 107.736
O5 C4 H12 108.557 H7 C2 H8 107.446
H9 C3 H10 108.062 H11 C4 H12 108.574
Electronic energy levels
Charges, Dipole, Quadrupole and Polarizability
Charges from optimized geometry at PBEPBE/6-31G(2df,p) Charges (e)
Number Element Mulliken CHELPG AIM ESP
1 C 0.403      
2 C -0.375      
3 C -0.255      
4 C -0.107      
5 O -0.183      
6 O -0.309      
7 H 0.151      
8 H 0.151      
9 H 0.135      
10 H 0.127      
11 H 0.136      
12 H 0.126      


Electric dipole moments
Electric dipole components in Debye
(What's a Debye? See section VII.A.3)
  x y z Total
  -3.904 1.305 0.352 4.131
CHELPG        
AIM        
ESP        


Electric Quadrupole moment
Quadrupole components in D Å
Primitive
 xyz
x -39.484 1.562 0.250
y 1.562 -34.619 -0.048
z 0.250 -0.048 -33.103
Traceless
 xyz
x -5.623 1.562 0.250
y 1.562 1.675 -0.048
z 0.250 -0.048 3.949
Polar
3z2-r27.897
x2-y2-4.865
xy1.562
xz0.250
yz-0.048


Polarizabilities
Components of the polarizability tensor.
Units are Å3 (Angstrom cubed)
Change units.
  x y z
x 8.478 0.447 -0.098
y 0.447 6.920 0.022
z -0.098 0.022 5.712


<r2> (average value of r2) Å2
<r2> 140.861
(<r2>)1/2 11.868