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All results from a given calculation for C4H6O2 (γ–Butyrolactone)

using model chemistry: B3LYP/6-31G(2df,p)

19 10 17 12 22

States and conformations

State Conformation minimum conformation conformer description state description
1 1 yes C1 1A
Energy calculated at B3LYP/6-31G(2df,p)
 hartrees
Energy at 0K-306.516811
Energy at 298.15K 
HF Energy-306.516811
Nuclear repulsion energy240.465024
The energy at 298.15K was derived from the energy at 0K and an integrated heat capacity that used the calculated vibrational frequencies.
Vibrational Frequencies calculated at B3LYP/6-31G(2df,p)
Mode Number Symmetry Frequency
(cm-1)
Scaled Frequency
(cm-1)
IR Intensities
(km mol-1)
Raman Act
4/u)
Dep P Dep U
1 A 3135 3025 9.93      
2 A 3121 3012 21.23      
3 A 3108 2999 20.23      
4 A 3065 2958 19.89      
5 A 3054 2947 5.99      
6 A 3034 2928 42.73      
7 A 1887 1821 362.14      
8 A 1526 1472 0.54      
9 A 1498 1446 3.97      
10 A 1465 1414 6.51      
11 A 1400 1351 19.08      
12 A 1343 1296 2.63      
13 A 1303 1257 6.30      
14 A 1258 1214 7.11      
15 A 1216 1174 12.34      
16 A 1198 1156 2.63      
17 A 1166 1125 199.07      
18 A 1096 1058 9.36      
19 A 1065 1028 71.13      
20 A 1011 976 14.69      
21 A 937 904 4.12      
22 A 893 862 8.02      
23 A 876 845 14.18      
24 A 804 776 3.23      
25 A 685 661 4.35      
26 A 640 618 4.64      
27 A 536 517 2.98      
28 A 488 471 3.34      
29 A 202 195 1.54      
30 A 147 142 1.01      

Unscaled Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 21576.9 cm-1
Scaled (by 0.965) Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 20821.7 cm-1
See section III.C.1 List or set vibrational scaling factors to change the scale factors used here.
See section III.C.2 Calculate a vibrational scaling factor for a given set of molecules to determine the least squares best scaling factor.
Rotational Constants (cm-1) from geometry optimized at B3LYP/6-31G(2df,p)
ABC
0.24248 0.11927 0.08502

See section I.F.4 to change rotational constant units
Geometric Data calculated at B3LYP/6-31G(2df,p)

Point Group is C1

Cartesians (Å)
Atom x (Å) y (Å) z (Å)
C1 0.890 -0.000 0.003
C2 -0.027 1.210 0.166
C3 -1.407 0.668 -0.215
C4 -1.264 -0.825 0.125
O5 0.130 -1.131 -0.042
O6 2.083 -0.029 -0.072
H7 0.332 2.040 -0.442
H8 0.017 1.525 1.215
H9 -1.584 0.794 -1.288
H10 -2.234 1.137 0.321
H11 -1.832 -1.485 -0.534
H12 -1.547 -1.038 1.163

Atom - Atom Distances (Å)
  C1 C2 C3 C4 O5 O6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11 H12
C11.52692.40232.30941.36331.19562.16192.13452.90093.33993.14672.8911
C21.52691.53102.38142.35532.45801.09031.09632.17002.21393.31792.8906
C32.40231.53101.53772.37253.56182.22692.19341.09401.09162.21702.1975
C42.30942.38141.53771.43663.44573.32822.89022.17212.19741.09181.0968
O51.36332.35532.37251.43662.24293.20292.94082.86243.29612.05332.0666
O61.19562.45803.56183.44572.24292.73572.88713.94944.48894.20253.9644
H72.16191.09032.22693.32823.20292.73571.76402.43632.82554.13713.9473
H82.13451.09632.19342.89022.94082.88711.76403.05972.45393.94203.0032
H92.90092.17001.09402.17212.86243.94942.43633.05971.76862.41303.0599
H103.33992.21391.09162.19743.29614.48892.82552.45391.76862.78642.4315
H113.14673.31792.21701.09182.05334.20254.13713.94202.41302.78641.7776
H122.89112.89062.19751.09682.06663.96443.94733.00323.05992.43151.7776

picture of γ–Butyrolactone state 1 conformation 1
More geometry information
Calculated Bond Angles
atom1 atom2 atom3 angle atom1 atom2 atom3 angle
C1 C2 C3 103.550 C1 C2 H7 110.270
C1 C2 H8 107.787 C1 O5 C4 111.114
C2 C1 O5 109.028 C2 C1 O6 128.660
C2 C3 C4 101.798 C2 C3 H9 110.404
C2 C3 H10 114.118 C3 C2 H7 115.290
C3 C2 H8 112.145 C3 C4 O5 105.765
C3 C4 H11 113.865 C3 C4 H12 111.958
C4 C3 H9 110.111 C4 C3 H10 112.280
O5 C1 O6 122.311 O5 C4 H11 107.828
O5 C4 H12 108.583 H7 C2 H8 107.555
H9 C3 H10 108.041 H11 C4 H12 108.619
Electronic energy levels
Charges, Dipole, Quadrupole and Polarizability
Charges from optimized geometry at B3LYP/6-31G(2df,p) Charges (e)
Number Element Mulliken CHELPG AIM ESP
1 C 0.433      
2 C -0.349      
3 C -0.231      
4 C -0.073      
5 O -0.214      
6 O -0.332      
7 H 0.142      
8 H 0.140      
9 H 0.124      
10 H 0.117      
11 H 0.127      
12 H 0.117      


Electric dipole moments
Electric dipole components in Debye
(What's a Debye? See section VII.A.3)
  x y z Total
  -4.076 1.376 0.359 4.317
CHELPG        
AIM        
ESP        


Electric Quadrupole moment
Quadrupole components in D Å
Primitive
 xyz
x -39.834 1.633 0.260
y 1.633 -34.750 -0.071
z 0.260 -0.071 -33.066
Traceless
 xyz
x -5.926 1.633 0.260
y 1.633 1.700 -0.071
z 0.260 -0.071 4.226
Polar
3z2-r28.452
x2-y2-5.084
xy1.633
xz0.260
yz-0.071


Polarizabilities
Components of the polarizability tensor.
Units are Å3 (Angstrom cubed)
Change units.
  x y z
x 8.146 0.415 -0.090
y 0.415 6.655 0.018
z -0.090 0.018 5.567


<r2> (average value of r2) Å2
<r2> 139.971
(<r2>)1/2 11.831