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All results from a given calculation for C6H5CH3 (toluene)

using model chemistry: B3PW91/3-21G

19 10 17 12 22

States and conformations

State Conformation minimum conformation conformer description state description
1 1 yes CS 1A'
Energy calculated at B3PW91/3-21G
 hartrees
Energy at 0K-269.977474
Energy at 298.15K-269.985556
Nuclear repulsion energy268.772760
The energy at 298.15K was derived from the energy at 0K and an integrated heat capacity that used the calculated vibrational frequencies.
Vibrational Frequencies calculated at B3PW91/3-21G
Mode Number Symmetry Frequency
(cm-1)
Scaled Frequency
(cm-1)
IR Intensities
(km mol-1)
Raman Act
4/u)
Dep P Dep U
1 A' 3226 3101 10.59      
2 A' 3203 3078 6.34      
3 A' 3189 3065 5.77      
4 A' 3112 2991 15.89      
5 A' 3050 2932 18.51      
6 A' 1646 1582 5.24      
7 A' 1550 1490 9.65      
8 A' 1550 1489 16.26      
9 A' 1454 1397 7.24      
10 A' 1242 1194 0.71      
11 A' 1239 1191 0.10      
12 A' 1098 1055 14.67      
13 A' 1067 1026 2.52      
14 A' 1041 1001 0.37      
15 A' 1032 992 0.07      
16 A' 930 894 0.27      
17 A' 808 776 0.95      
18 A' 760 731 33.86      
19 A' 733 704 54.72      
20 A' 541 520 0.57      
21 A' 477 459 11.49      
22 A' 211 203 3.28      
23 A" 3211 3086 27.52      
24 A" 3190 3066 2.79      
25 A" 3137 3015 10.77      
26 A" 1629 1566 0.24      
27 A" 1552 1492 16.81      
28 A" 1500 1442 2.25      
29 A" 1396 1342 0.07      
30 A" 1337 1285 0.00      
31 A" 1229 1182 0.13      
32 A" 1133 1089 6.81      
33 A" 1027 987 0.07      
34 A" 1003 965 0.00      
35 A" 871 837 0.01      
36 A" 658 633 0.16      
37 A" 421 405 0.00      
38 A" 346 332 0.50      
39 A" 17 16 0.34      

Unscaled Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 28407.0 cm-1
Scaled (by 0.9612) Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 27304.8 cm-1
See section III.C.1 List or set vibrational scaling factors to change the scale factors used here.
See section III.C.2 Calculate a vibrational scaling factor for a given set of molecules to determine the least squares best scaling factor.
Rotational Constants (cm-1) from geometry optimized at B3PW91/3-21G
ABC
0.18439 0.08386 0.05828

See section I.F.4 to change rotational constant units
Geometric Data calculated at B3PW91/3-21G

Point Group is Cs

Cartesians (Å)
Atom x (Å) y (Å) z (Å)
C1 0.005 0.911 0.000
C2 0.007 0.195 1.204
C3 0.007 -1.200 1.206
C4 0.006 -1.903 0.000
C5 0.007 -1.200 -1.206
C6 0.007 0.195 -1.204
C7 -0.028 2.425 0.000
H8 0.011 0.737 2.146
H9 0.011 -1.738 2.148
H10 0.009 -2.987 0.000
H11 0.011 -1.738 -2.148
H12 0.011 0.737 -2.146
H13 -1.065 2.787 0.000
H14 0.471 2.829 0.888
H15 0.471 2.829 -0.888

Atom - Atom Distances (Å)
  C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 H8 H9 H10 H11 H12 H13 H14 H15
C11.40032.43052.81322.43051.40031.51452.15253.41023.89813.41022.15252.15952.16462.1646
C21.40031.39512.41872.78412.40762.53401.08632.15153.40283.86953.39283.05172.69253.3952
C32.43051.39511.39542.41112.78413.82002.15271.08532.15623.39653.87044.30044.06764.5639
C42.81322.41871.39541.39542.41874.32753.40142.15441.08492.15443.40144.81004.83634.8363
C52.43052.78412.41111.39541.39513.82003.87043.39652.15621.08532.15274.30044.56394.0676
C61.40032.40762.78412.41871.39512.53403.39283.86953.40282.15151.08633.05173.39522.6925
C71.51452.53403.82004.32753.82002.53402.73024.68455.41244.68452.73021.09861.09571.0957
H82.15251.08632.15273.40143.87043.39282.73022.47484.29814.95584.29103.15622.48363.7137
H93.41022.15151.08532.15443.39653.86954.68452.47482.48514.29624.95585.12284.75965.5033
H103.89813.40282.15621.08492.15623.40285.41244.29812.48512.48514.29815.87315.90185.9018
H113.41023.86953.39652.15441.08532.15154.68454.95584.29622.48512.47485.12285.50334.7596
H122.15253.39283.87043.40142.15271.08632.73024.29104.95584.29812.47483.15623.71372.4836
H132.15953.05174.30044.81004.30043.05171.09863.15625.12285.87315.12283.15621.77461.7746
H142.16462.69254.06764.83634.56393.39521.09572.48364.75965.90185.50333.71371.77461.7767
H152.16463.39524.56394.83634.06762.69251.09573.71375.50335.90184.75962.48361.77461.7767

picture of toluene state 1 conformation 1
More geometry information
Calculated Bond Angles
atom1 atom2 atom3 angle atom1 atom2 atom3 angle
C1 C2 C3 120.792 C1 C2 H8 119.378
C1 C6 C5 120.792 C1 C6 H12 119.378
C1 C7 H13 110.453 C1 C7 H14 111.031
C1 C7 H15 111.031 C2 C1 C6 118.560
C2 C1 C7 120.714 C2 C3 C4 120.168
C2 C3 H9 119.797 C3 C2 H8 119.830
C3 C4 C5 119.521 C3 C4 H10 120.239
C4 C3 H9 120.035 C4 C5 C6 120.168
C4 C5 H11 120.035 C5 C4 H10 120.239
C5 C6 H12 119.830 C6 C1 C7 120.714
C6 C5 H11 119.797 H13 C7 H14 107.938
H13 C7 H15 107.938 H14 C7 H15 108.332
Electronic energy levels

Electronic state

Charges, Dipole, Quadrupole and Polarizability
Charges from optimized geometry at B3PW91/3-21G Charges (e)
Number Element Mulliken CHELPG AIM ESP
1 C -0.005      
2 C -0.213      
3 C -0.214      
4 C -0.220      
5 C -0.214      
6 C -0.213      
7 C -0.657      
8 H 0.208      
9 H 0.214      
10 H 0.213      
11 H 0.214      
12 H 0.208      
13 H 0.235      
14 H 0.222      
15 H 0.222      


Electric dipole moments
Electric dipole components in Debye
(What's a Debye? See section VII.A.3)
  x y z Total
  -0.052 0.393 0.000 0.396
CHELPG        
AIM        
ESP        


Electric Quadrupole moment
Quadrupole components in D Å
Primitive
 xyz
x -46.414 -0.140 0.000
y -0.140 -36.768 0.000
z 0.000 0.000 -37.413
Traceless
 xyz
x -9.323 -0.140 0.000
y -0.140 5.145 0.000
z 0.000 0.000 4.178
Polar
3z2-r28.356
x2-y2-9.646
xy-0.140
xz0.000
yz0.000


Polarizabilities
Components of the polarizability tensor.
Units are Å3 (Angstrom cubed)
Change units.
  x y z
x 3.722 -0.094 0.000
y -0.094 12.740 0.000
z 0.000 0.000 11.050


<r2> (average value of r2) Å2
<r2> 201.059
(<r2>)1/2 14.180