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All results from a given calculation for CH3CHCH2CH3 (2-Butyl radical)

using model chemistry: B3LYP/3-21G

19 10 17 12 22

States and conformations

State Conformation minimum conformation conformer description state description
1 1 yes C1 1A
Energy calculated at B3LYP/3-21G
 hartrees
Energy at 0K-156.935837
Energy at 298.15K-156.944353
Nuclear repulsion energy121.461398
The energy at 298.15K was derived from the energy at 0K and an integrated heat capacity that used the calculated vibrational frequencies.
Vibrational Frequencies calculated at B3LYP/3-21G
Mode Number Symmetry Frequency
(cm-1)
Scaled Frequency
(cm-1)
IR Intensities
(km mol-1)
Raman Act
(Å4/u)
Dep P Dep U
1 A 3168 3056 25.84      
2 A 3119 3010 29.00      
3 A 3111 3002 32.61      
4 A 3100 2991 21.17      
5 A 3050 2943 24.08      
6 A 3043 2936 29.85      
7 A 3025 2919 14.86      
8 A 2959 2855 38.16      
9 A 2941 2838 26.01      
10 A 1571 1516 4.58      
11 A 1566 1511 7.14      
12 A 1556 1501 6.55      
13 A 1544 1490 8.06      
14 A 1534 1480 1.50      
15 A 1462 1411 0.90      
16 A 1459 1408 9.31      
17 A 1411 1361 0.72      
18 A 1353 1305 5.39      
19 A 1314 1268 0.11      
20 A 1203 1160 0.78      
21 A 1124 1085 0.23      
22 A 1105 1066 0.68      
23 A 1035 998 6.15      
24 A 1017 981 3.18      
25 A 992 957 1.73      
26 A 846 816 0.30      
27 A 791 763 2.70      
28 A 433 418 0.21      
29 A 392 378 24.75      
30 A 266 256 2.27      
31 A 232 224 0.13      
32 A 111 107 0.06      
33 A 61 59 0.07      

Unscaled Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 25945.3 cm-1
Scaled (by 0.9649) Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 25034.6 cm-1
See section III.C.1 List or set vibrational scaling factors to change the scale factors used here.
See section III.C.2 Calculate a vibrational scaling factor for a given set of molecules to determine the least squares best scaling factor.
Rotational Constants (cm-1) from geometry optimized at B3LYP/3-21G
ABC
0.86608 0.12042 0.11333

See section I.F.4 to change rotational constant units
Geometric Data calculated at B3LYP/3-21G

Point Group is C1

Cartesians (Å)
Atom x (Å) y (Å) z (Å)
C1 1.990 -0.043 -0.080
H2 2.062 -0.812 -0.862
H3 2.679 0.771 -0.333
H4 2.360 -0.507 0.853
C5 0.580 0.448 0.064
H6 0.409 1.470 0.392
C7 -0.571 -0.516 0.109
H8 -0.586 -1.049 1.079
H9 -0.430 -1.293 -0.657
C10 -1.941 0.173 -0.097
H11 -2.107 0.932 0.676
H12 -1.976 0.667 -1.074
H13 -2.758 -0.554 -0.044

Atom - Atom Distances (Å)
  C1 H2 H3 H4 C5 H6 C7 H8 H9 C10 H11 H12 H13
C11.09881.09561.10551.50032.23952.61182.99812.78393.93784.27964.15054.7761
H21.09881.77921.76752.15423.08462.82233.29122.54574.19324.77414.30564.8958
H31.09561.77921.77162.15992.48333.52323.99463.74494.66444.89384.71485.6034
H41.10551.76751.77162.16862.81573.02473.00373.26834.45754.69694.88845.1968
C51.50032.15422.15992.16861.08731.50222.15142.13772.54152.79862.80693.4872
H62.23953.08462.48332.81571.08732.23272.79383.07232.72862.58872.91303.7842
C72.61182.82233.52323.02471.50222.23271.10681.10051.54722.18562.18432.1925
H82.99813.29123.99463.00372.15142.79381.10681.75992.17132.53023.08412.4953
H92.78392.54573.74493.26832.13773.07231.10051.75992.17923.08932.53092.5186
C103.93784.19324.66444.45752.54152.72861.54722.17132.17921.09621.09511.0953
H114.27964.77414.89384.69692.79862.58872.18562.53023.08931.09621.77551.7757
H124.15054.30564.71484.88842.80692.91302.18433.08412.53091.09511.77551.7784
H134.77614.89585.60345.19683.48723.78422.19252.49532.51861.09531.77571.7784

picture of 2-Butyl radical state 1 conformation 1
More geometry information
Calculated Bond Angles
atom1 atom2 atom3 angle atom1 atom2 atom3 angle
C1 C5 H6 119.006 C1 C5 C7 120.893
H2 C1 H3 108.346 H2 C1 H4 106.611
H2 C1 C5 111.012 H3 C1 H4 107.203
H3 C1 C5 111.674 H4 C1 C5 111.759
C5 C7 H8 110.179 C5 C7 H9 109.470
C5 C7 C10 112.903 H6 C5 C7 118.248
C7 C10 H11 110.385 C7 C10 H12 110.342
C7 C10 H13 110.981 H8 C7 H9 105.749
H8 C7 C10 108.659 H9 C7 C10 109.629
H11 C10 H12 108.240 H11 C10 H13 108.246
H12 C10 H13 108.565
Electronic energy levels
Charges, Dipole, Quadrupole and Polarizability
Charges from optimized geometry at B3LYP/3-21G Charges (e)
Number Element Mulliken CHELPG AIM ESP
1 C -0.602     -0.454
2 H 0.194     0.131
3 H 0.196     0.140
4 H 0.195     0.132
5 C -0.129     -0.096
6 H 0.172     0.099
7 C -0.426     0.017
8 H 0.194     0.046
9 H 0.192     0.059
10 C -0.549     -0.383
11 H 0.186     0.106
12 H 0.193     0.098
13 H 0.185     0.104


Electric dipole moments
Electric dipole components in Debye
(What's a Debye? See section VII.A.3)
  x y z Total
  0.074 -0.145 0.174 0.239
CHELPG        
AIM        
ESP 0.086 -0.168 0.163 0.250


Electric Quadrupole moment
Quadrupole components in D Å
Primitive
 xyz
x -27.023 0.109 -0.049
y 0.109 -27.017 0.388
z -0.049 0.388 -27.926
Traceless
 xyz
x 0.448 0.109 -0.049
y 0.109 0.457 0.388
z -0.049 0.388 -0.905
Polar
3z2-r2-1.811
x2-y2-0.006
xy0.109
xz-0.049
yz0.388


Polarizabilities
Components of the polarizability tensor.
Units are Å3 (Angstrom cubed)
Change units.
  x y z
x 7.133 0.049 -0.067
y 0.049 5.800 0.095
z -0.067 0.095 4.977


<r2> (average value of r2) Å2
<r2> 117.262
(<r2>)1/2 10.829