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All results from a given calculation for C4H6O2 (γ–Butyrolactone)

using model chemistry: PBEPBE/3-21G

19 10 17 12 22

States and conformations

State Conformation minimum conformation conformer description state description
1 1 yes C1 1A
Energy calculated at PBEPBE/3-21G
 hartrees
Energy at 0K-304.451471
Energy at 298.15K 
HF Energy-304.451471
Nuclear repulsion energy236.014574
The energy at 298.15K was derived from the energy at 0K and an integrated heat capacity that used the calculated vibrational frequencies.
Vibrational Frequencies calculated at PBEPBE/3-21G
Mode Number Symmetry Frequency
(cm-1)
Scaled Frequency
(cm-1)
IR Intensities
(km mol-1)
Raman Act
4/u)
Dep P Dep U
1 A 3096 3068 6.91      
2 A 3086 3058 15.97      
3 A 3076 3048 13.09      
4 A 3024 2996 14.77      
5 A 3000 2973 4.67      
6 A 2991 2964 36.06      
7 A 1784 1768 235.71      
8 A 1517 1504 0.80      
9 A 1495 1481 7.48      
10 A 1465 1452 12.07      
11 A 1336 1324 1.61      
12 A 1335 1323 0.23      
13 A 1291 1279 6.59      
14 A 1240 1229 4.86      
15 A 1193 1182 2.58      
16 A 1153 1142 2.33      
17 A 1085 1075 35.42      
18 A 1057 1048 137.58      
19 A 1008 999 22.05      
20 A 950 941 49.42      
21 A 914 906 1.40      
22 A 876 868 10.40      
23 A 847 840 31.35      
24 A 754 747 6.49      
25 A 650 644 4.27      
26 A 610 604 2.68      
27 A 511 506 1.47      
28 A 457 453 1.68      
29 A 214 212 3.00      
30 A 150 149 0.11      

Unscaled Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 21081.2 cm-1
Scaled (by 0.9909) Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 20889.4 cm-1
See section III.C.1 List or set vibrational scaling factors to change the scale factors used here.
See section III.C.2 Calculate a vibrational scaling factor for a given set of molecules to determine the least squares best scaling factor.
Rotational Constants (cm-1) from geometry optimized at PBEPBE/3-21G
ABC
0.23448 0.11454 0.08222

See section I.F.4 to change rotational constant units
Geometric Data calculated at PBEPBE/3-21G

Point Group is C1

Cartesians (Å)
Atom x (Å) y (Å) z (Å)
C1 0.907 0.009 0.005
C2 -0.035 1.217 0.195
C3 -1.408 0.679 -0.258
C4 -1.311 -0.815 0.145
O5 0.124 -1.173 -0.045
O6 2.129 -0.027 -0.080
H7 0.335 2.079 -0.377
H8 -0.045 1.477 1.271
H9 -1.498 0.764 -1.354
H10 -2.261 1.182 0.221
H11 -1.906 -1.485 -0.491
H12 -1.575 -0.960 1.207

Atom - Atom Distances (Å)
  C1 C2 C3 C4 O5 O6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11 H12
C11.54292.42382.36981.41901.22532.18132.15952.86413.38543.22402.9234
C21.54291.54232.39912.40712.51061.09931.10722.17902.22693.35752.8519
C32.42381.54231.55012.41313.61042.23852.19851.10331.10062.23322.2047
C42.36982.39911.55011.49113.53563.36962.85052.18462.21311.09921.1048
O51.41902.40712.41311.49112.30943.27622.96432.84583.36322.10232.1221
O61.22532.51063.61043.53562.30942.78242.96873.92474.56354.31014.0310
H72.18131.09932.23853.36963.27622.78241.79522.45912.81104.21213.9235
H82.15951.10722.19852.85052.96432.96871.79523.08482.47083.91772.8786
H92.86412.17901.10332.18462.84583.92472.45913.08481.79942.44323.0882
H103.38542.22691.10062.21313.36324.56352.81102.47081.79942.78362.4561
H113.22403.35752.23321.09922.10234.31014.21213.91772.44322.78361.8082
H122.92342.85192.20471.10482.12214.03103.92352.87863.08822.45611.8082

picture of γ–Butyrolactone state 1 conformation 1
More geometry information
Calculated Bond Angles
atom1 atom2 atom3 angle atom1 atom2 atom3 angle
C1 C2 C3 103.561 C1 C2 H7 110.159
C1 C2 H8 108.026 C1 O5 C4 109.018
C2 C1 O5 108.646 C2 C1 O6 129.820
C2 C3 C4 101.760 C2 C3 H9 109.794
C2 C3 H10 113.789 C3 C2 H7 114.824
C3 C2 H8 111.091 C3 C4 O5 105.006
C3 C4 H11 113.822 C3 C4 H12 111.176
C4 C3 H9 109.692 C4 C3 H10 112.104
O5 C1 O6 121.528 O5 C4 H11 107.537
O5 C4 H12 108.751 H7 C2 H8 108.901
H9 C3 H10 109.461 H11 C4 H12 110.246
Electronic energy levels
Charges, Dipole, Quadrupole and Polarizability
Charges from optimized geometry at PBEPBE/3-21G Charges (e)
Number Element Mulliken CHELPG AIM ESP
1 C 0.604      
2 C -0.520      
3 C -0.454      
4 C -0.194      
5 O -0.423      
6 O -0.435      
7 H 0.250      
8 H 0.252      
9 H 0.236      
10 H 0.223      
11 H 0.235      
12 H 0.224      


Electric dipole moments
Electric dipole components in Debye
(What's a Debye? See section VII.A.3)
  x y z Total
  -3.976 1.617 0.431 4.314
CHELPG        
AIM        
ESP        


Electric Quadrupole moment
Quadrupole components in D Å
Primitive
 xyz
x -39.190 1.940 0.245
y 1.940 -35.441 -0.052
z 0.245 -0.052 -33.528
Traceless
 xyz
x -4.705 1.940 0.245
y 1.940 0.918 -0.052
z 0.245 -0.052 3.788
Polar
3z2-r27.576
x2-y2-3.749
xy1.940
xz0.245
yz-0.052


Polarizabilities
Components of the polarizability tensor.
Units are Å3 (Angstrom cubed)
Change units.
  x y z
x 7.879 0.543 -0.154
y 0.543 6.045 0.045
z -0.154 0.045 4.930


<r2> (average value of r2) Å2
<r2> 144.040
(<r2>)1/2 12.002