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All results from a given calculation for C4H6O2 (γ–Butyrolactone)

using model chemistry: wB97X-D/STO-3G

19 10 17 12 22

States and conformations

State Conformation minimum conformation conformer description state description
1 1 yes C1 1A
Energy calculated at wB97X-D/STO-3G
 hartrees
Energy at 0K-302.483739
Energy at 298.15K 
HF Energy-302.483739
Nuclear repulsion energy234.417034
The energy at 298.15K was derived from the energy at 0K and an integrated heat capacity that used the calculated vibrational frequencies.
Vibrational Frequencies calculated at wB97X-D/STO-3G
Mode Number Symmetry Frequency
(cm-1)
Scaled Frequency
(cm-1)
IR Intensities
(km mol-1)
Raman Act
4/u)
Dep P Dep U
1 A 3526 3526 0.03      
2 A 3511 3511 0.49      
3 A 3450 3450 1.49      
4 A 3408 3408 0.10      
5 A 3395 3395 1.84      
6 A 3332 3332 6.57      
7 A 1935 1935 112.82      
8 A 1683 1683 0.90      
9 A 1671 1671 1.80      
10 A 1650 1650 2.76      
11 A 1497 1497 4.16      
12 A 1476 1476 0.63      
13 A 1423 1423 2.32      
14 A 1351 1351 1.56      
15 A 1324 1324 10.26      
16 A 1279 1279 119.92      
17 A 1258 1258 29.28      
18 A 1176 1176 12.96      
19 A 1152 1152 3.86      
20 A 1103 1103 17.24      
21 A 1017 1017 1.25      
22 A 965 965 1.17      
23 A 915 915 5.45      
24 A 834 834 4.67      
25 A 698 698 1.75      
26 A 647 647 3.08      
27 A 522 522 1.97      
28 A 473 473 4.45      
29 A 176 176 1.53      
30 A 127 127 0.34      

Unscaled Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 23487.0 cm-1
Scaled (by 1) Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 23487.0 cm-1
See section III.C.1 List or set vibrational scaling factors to change the scale factors used here.
See section III.C.2 Calculate a vibrational scaling factor for a given set of molecules to determine the least squares best scaling factor.
Rotational Constants (cm-1) from geometry optimized at wB97X-D/STO-3G
ABC
0.22823 0.11410 0.08049

See section I.F.4 to change rotational constant units
Geometric Data calculated at wB97X-D/STO-3G

Point Group is C1

Cartesians (Å)
Atom x (Å) y (Å) z (Å)
C1 0.905 0.018 0.007
C2 -0.057 1.254 0.139
C3 -1.448 0.667 -0.192
C4 -1.270 -0.852 0.125
O5 0.150 -1.192 -0.059
O6 2.143 -0.003 -0.050
H7 0.254 2.055 -0.548
H8 -0.010 1.638 1.170
H9 -1.684 0.807 -1.257
H10 -2.255 1.109 0.411
H11 -1.867 -1.498 -0.547
H12 -1.564 -1.072 1.173

Atom - Atom Distances (Å)
  C1 C2 C3 C4 O5 O6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11 H12
C11.57132.44902.34521.42761.23982.20902.19402.98733.36683.20732.9396
C21.57131.54582.43012.46192.54081.09961.10182.18972.21933.36402.9577
C32.44901.54581.56162.45453.65622.22492.20591.09991.09922.23322.2131
C42.34522.43011.56161.47113.52123.35002.97992.19842.21281.10701.1107
O51.42762.46192.45451.47112.32073.28443.08932.96513.36052.09702.1141
O61.23982.54083.65623.52122.32072.83792.96974.09424.55964.30804.0471
H72.20901.09962.22493.35003.28442.83791.78712.41152.84694.13724.0048
H82.19401.10182.20592.97993.08932.96971.78713.06312.42814.02883.1235
H92.98732.18971.09992.19842.96514.09422.41153.06311.78772.41843.0737
H103.36682.21931.09922.21283.36054.55962.84692.42811.78772.80412.4109
H113.20733.36402.23321.10702.09704.30804.13724.02882.41842.80411.7984
H122.93962.95772.21311.11072.11414.04714.00483.12353.07372.41091.7984

picture of γ–Butyrolactone state 1 conformation 1
More geometry information
Calculated Bond Angles
atom1 atom2 atom3 angle atom1 atom2 atom3 angle
C1 C2 C3 103.566 C1 C2 H7 110.353
C1 C2 H8 109.065 C1 O5 C4 108.000
C2 C1 O5 110.268 C2 C1 O6 128.965
C2 C3 C4 102.889 C2 C3 H9 110.583
C2 C3 H10 112.999 C3 C2 H7 113.425
C3 C2 H8 111.757 C3 C4 O5 108.024
C3 C4 H11 112.499 C3 C4 H12 110.684
C4 C3 H9 110.169 C4 C3 H10 111.342
O5 C1 O6 120.765 O5 C4 H11 108.030
O5 C4 H12 109.149 H7 C2 H8 108.546
H9 C3 H10 108.768 H11 C4 H12 108.377
Electronic energy levels
Charges, Dipole, Quadrupole and Polarizability
Charges from optimized geometry at wB97X-D/STO-3G Charges (e)
Number Element Mulliken CHELPG AIM ESP
1 C 0.224      
2 C -0.164      
3 C -0.144      
4 C -0.046      
5 O -0.180      
6 O -0.210      
7 H 0.093      
8 H 0.090      
9 H 0.084      
10 H 0.085      
11 H 0.088      
12 H 0.080      


Electric dipole moments
Electric dipole components in Debye
(What's a Debye? See section VII.A.3)
  x y z Total
  -2.948 1.154 0.261 3.176
CHELPG        
AIM        
ESP        


Electric Quadrupole moment
Quadrupole components in D Å
Primitive
 xyz
x -36.051 1.122 0.073
y 1.122 -33.036 -0.132
z 0.073 -0.132 -31.032
Traceless
 xyz
x -4.017 1.122 0.073
y 1.122 0.506 -0.132
z 0.073 -0.132 3.511
Polar
3z2-r27.022
x2-y2-3.015
xy1.122
xz0.073
yz-0.132


Polarizabilities
Components of the polarizability tensor.
Units are Å3 (Angstrom cubed)
Change units.
  x y z
x 5.167 0.438 -0.107
y 0.438 3.562 0.034
z -0.107 0.034 2.672


<r2> (average value of r2) Å2
<r2> 144.436
(<r2>)1/2 12.018