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All results from a given calculation for CH3CHCH2CH3 (2-Butyl radical)

using model chemistry: wB97X-D/6-311G**

19 10 17 12 22

States and conformations

State Conformation minimum conformation conformer description state description
1 1 yes C1 1A
Energy calculated at wB97X-D/6-311G**
 hartrees
Energy at 0K-157.780159
Energy at 298.15K-157.788696
HF Energy-157.780159
Nuclear repulsion energy122.223687
The energy at 298.15K was derived from the energy at 0K and an integrated heat capacity that used the calculated vibrational frequencies.
Vibrational Frequencies calculated at wB97X-D/6-311G**
Mode Number Symmetry Frequency
(cm-1)
Scaled Frequency
(cm-1)
IR Intensities
(km mol-1)
Raman Act
4/u)
Dep P Dep U
1 A 3177 3038 26.83      
2 A 3129 2992 33.23      
3 A 3120 2984 21.88      
4 A 3119 2983 40.88      
5 A 3047 2915 29.48      
6 A 3043 2911 35.45      
7 A 3014 2883 29.95      
8 A 2977 2847 45.55      
9 A 2956 2827 38.09      
10 A 1514 1449 4.71      
11 A 1504 1439 8.19      
12 A 1495 1430 7.13      
13 A 1479 1415 2.09      
14 A 1477 1413 7.59      
15 A 1435 1372 1.75      
16 A 1421 1359 6.45      
17 A 1405 1344 1.84      
18 A 1319 1262 4.32      
19 A 1278 1222 0.05      
20 A 1191 1139 0.29      
21 A 1143 1093 0.38      
22 A 1075 1028 0.97      
23 A 1047 1001 0.30      
24 A 998 954 4.25      
25 A 976 934 0.99      
26 A 861 824 0.29      
27 A 781 747 1.12      
28 A 437 418 0.19      
29 A 366 350 24.07      
30 A 264 252 1.59      
31 A 249 238 0.67      
32 A 111 106 0.25      
33 A 79 75 0.11      

Unscaled Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 25742.0 cm-1
Scaled (by 0.9565) Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 24622.2 cm-1
See section III.C.1 List or set vibrational scaling factors to change the scale factors used here.
See section III.C.2 Calculate a vibrational scaling factor for a given set of molecules to determine the least squares best scaling factor.
Rotational Constants (cm-1) from geometry optimized at wB97X-D/6-311G**
ABC
0.89122 0.12192 0.11446

See section I.F.4 to change rotational constant units
Geometric Data calculated at wB97X-D/6-311G**

Point Group is C1

Cartesians (Å)
Atom x (Å) y (Å) z (Å)
C1 1.978 -0.045 -0.076
H2 2.055 -0.834 -0.833
H3 2.668 0.757 -0.348
H4 2.346 -0.482 0.867
C5 0.578 0.446 0.053
H6 0.411 1.469 0.383
C7 -0.569 -0.504 0.104
H8 -0.569 -1.035 1.072
H9 -0.427 -1.289 -0.651
C10 -1.929 0.167 -0.092
H11 -2.102 0.928 0.675
H12 -1.983 0.658 -1.067
H13 -2.744 -0.559 -0.032

Atom - Atom Distances (Å)
  C1 H2 H3 H4 C5 H6 C7 H8 H9 C10 H11 H12 H13
C11.09611.09281.10201.48872.22592.59442.96352.76803.91314.26124.14354.7495
H21.09611.77261.76022.14543.07892.80633.24882.53024.17454.76034.31144.8727
H31.09281.77261.76442.15052.47653.50383.96313.72284.64254.88204.70815.5787
H41.10201.76021.76442.15592.78933.01342.97393.26264.42944.67034.87675.1689
C51.48872.14542.15052.15591.08731.49072.13292.12502.52752.79382.80393.4719
H62.22593.07892.47652.78931.08732.22032.77583.06182.72022.58782.91473.7735
C72.59442.80633.50383.01341.49072.22031.10381.09851.52932.17372.17302.1793
H82.96353.24883.96312.97392.13292.77581.10381.74712.15682.52263.07312.4850
H92.76802.53023.72283.26262.12503.06181.09851.74712.16523.07842.52672.5060
C103.91314.17454.64254.42942.52752.72021.52932.15682.16521.09401.09301.0928
H114.26124.76034.88204.67032.79382.58782.17372.52263.07841.09401.76681.7672
H124.14354.31144.70814.87672.80392.91472.17303.07312.52671.09301.76681.7695
H134.74954.87275.57875.16893.47193.77352.17932.48502.50601.09281.76721.7695

picture of 2-Butyl radical state 1 conformation 1
More geometry information
Calculated Bond Angles
atom1 atom2 atom3 angle atom1 atom2 atom3 angle
C1 C5 H6 118.733 C1 C5 C7 121.097
H2 C1 H3 108.153 H2 C1 H4 106.409
H2 C1 C5 111.294 H3 C1 H4 107.010
H3 C1 C5 111.915 H4 C1 C5 111.780
C5 C7 H8 109.686 C5 C7 H9 109.377
C5 C7 C10 113.625 H6 C5 C7 118.066
C7 C10 H11 110.828 C7 C10 H12 110.829
C7 C10 H13 111.340 H8 C7 H9 104.986
H8 C7 C10 108.924 H9 C7 C10 109.884
H11 C10 H12 107.774 H11 C10 H13 107.829
H12 C10 H13 108.099
Electronic energy levels
Charges, Dipole, Quadrupole and Polarizability
Charges from optimized geometry at wB97X-D/6-311G** Charges (e)
Number Element Mulliken CHELPG AIM ESP
1 C -0.307      
2 H 0.119      
3 H 0.124      
4 H 0.120      
5 C -0.211      
6 H 0.125      
7 C -0.234      
8 H 0.122      
9 H 0.121      
10 C -0.329      
11 H 0.115      
12 H 0.119      
13 H 0.116      


Electric dipole moments
Electric dipole components in Debye
(What's a Debye? See section VII.A.3)
  x y z Total
  0.065 -0.156 0.143 0.221
CHELPG        
AIM        
ESP        


Electric Quadrupole moment
Quadrupole components in D Å
Primitive
 xyz
x -27.458 0.212 -0.032
y 0.212 -27.211 0.325
z -0.032 0.325 -28.021
Traceless
 xyz
x 0.158 0.212 -0.032
y 0.212 0.528 0.325
z -0.032 0.325 -0.686
Polar
3z2-r2-1.372
x2-y2-0.247
xy0.212
xz-0.032
yz0.325


Polarizabilities
Components of the polarizability tensor.
Units are Å3 (Angstrom cubed)
Change units.
  x y z
x 8.134 -0.029 -0.015
y -0.029 6.733 0.025
z -0.015 0.025 5.902


<r2> (average value of r2) Å2
<r2> 116.285
(<r2>)1/2 10.784