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All results from a given calculation for C6H5CH3 (toluene)

using model chemistry: PBEPBE/6-31G**

19 10 17 12 22

States and conformations

State Conformation minimum conformation conformer description state description
1 1 yes CS 1A'
Energy calculated at PBEPBE/6-31G**
 hartrees
Energy at 0K-271.207572
Energy at 298.15K-271.215378
Nuclear repulsion energy267.512474
The energy at 298.15K was derived from the energy at 0K and an integrated heat capacity that used the calculated vibrational frequencies.
Vibrational Frequencies calculated at PBEPBE/6-31G**
Mode Number Symmetry Frequency
(cm-1)
Scaled Frequency
(cm-1)
IR Intensities
(km mol-1)
Raman Act
4/u)
Dep P Dep U
1 A' 3140 3097 16.11      
2 A' 3119 3076 6.35      
3 A' 3104 3061 9.57      
4 A' 3045 3004 16.64      
5 A' 2978 2937 26.60      
6 A' 1619 1597 6.56      
7 A' 1495 1474 12.43      
8 A' 1451 1431 5.70      
9 A' 1370 1351 0.49      
10 A' 1208 1191 1.16      
11 A' 1173 1157 0.30      
12 A' 1032 1018 2.38      
13 A' 1024 1010 10.48      
14 A' 986 973 0.10      
15 A' 953 940 0.03      
16 A' 873 862 0.28      
17 A' 783 772 0.74      
18 A' 718 708 35.72      
19 A' 689 679 14.01      
20 A' 513 506 0.58      
21 A' 459 453 5.75      
22 A' 204 201 1.84      
23 A" 3127 3084 37.98      
24 A" 3105 3063 6.51      
25 A" 3072 3030 13.07      
26 A" 1599 1577 0.24      
27 A" 1467 1447 10.99      
28 A" 1433 1413 0.08      
29 A" 1361 1342 0.02      
30 A" 1306 1288 0.04      
31 A" 1152 1136 0.04      
32 A" 1087 1072 5.32      
33 A" 972 959 0.03      
34 A" 927 915 0.00      
35 A" 826 815 0.01      
36 A" 615 607 0.08      
37 A" 400 394 0.01      
38 A" 332 328 0.28      
39 A" 30 29 0.37      

Unscaled Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 27373.1 cm-1
Scaled (by 0.9863) Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 26998.1 cm-1
See section III.C.1 List or set vibrational scaling factors to change the scale factors used here.
See section III.C.2 Calculate a vibrational scaling factor for a given set of molecules to determine the least squares best scaling factor.
Rotational Constants (cm-1) from geometry optimized at PBEPBE/6-31G**
ABC
0.18282 0.08312 0.05776

See section I.F.4 to change rotational constant units
Geometric Data calculated at PBEPBE/6-31G**

Point Group is Cs

Cartesians (Å)
Atom x (Å) y (Å) z (Å)
C1 0.004 0.919 0.000
C2 0.008 0.196 1.208
C3 0.008 -1.205 1.211
C4 0.007 -1.912 0.000
C5 0.008 -1.205 -1.211
C6 0.008 0.196 -1.208
C7 -0.029 2.431 0.000
H8 0.012 0.741 2.158
H9 0.013 -1.746 2.162
H10 0.010 -3.006 0.000
H11 0.013 -1.746 -2.162
H12 0.012 0.741 -2.158
H13 -1.068 2.806 0.000
H14 0.467 2.846 0.892
H15 0.467 2.846 -0.892

Atom - Atom Distances (Å)
  C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 H8 H9 H10 H11 H12 H13 H14 H15
C11.40772.44532.83142.44531.40771.51212.16583.43233.92553.43232.16582.17042.17262.1726
C21.40771.40162.43002.79552.41592.54051.09562.16453.42293.89003.41023.07042.70733.4116
C32.44531.40161.40202.42162.79553.83272.16491.09452.17023.41613.89114.32604.08934.5871
C42.83142.43001.40201.40202.43004.34333.42052.16851.09412.16853.42054.83924.86254.8625
C52.44532.79552.42161.40201.40163.83273.89113.41612.17021.09452.16494.32604.58714.0893
C61.40772.41592.79552.43001.40162.54053.41023.89003.42292.16451.09563.07043.41162.7073
C71.51212.54053.83274.34333.83272.54052.74164.70405.43744.70402.74161.10461.10161.1016
H82.16581.09562.16493.42053.89113.41022.74162.48764.32464.98564.31703.17652.49803.7336
H93.43232.16451.09452.16853.41613.89004.70402.48762.50244.32434.98565.15454.78615.5335
H103.92553.42292.17021.09412.17023.42295.43744.32462.50242.50244.32465.91175.93705.9370
H113.43233.89003.41612.16851.09452.16454.70404.98564.32432.50242.48765.15455.53354.7861
H122.16583.41023.89113.42052.16491.09562.74164.31704.98564.32462.48763.17653.73362.4980
H132.17043.07044.32604.83924.32603.07041.10463.17655.15455.91175.15453.17651.77581.7758
H142.17262.70734.08934.86254.58713.41161.10162.49804.78615.93705.53353.73361.77581.7837
H152.17263.41164.58714.86254.08932.70731.10163.73365.53355.93704.78612.49801.77581.7837

picture of toluene state 1 conformation 1
More geometry information
Calculated Bond Angles
atom1 atom2 atom3 angle atom1 atom2 atom3 angle
C1 C2 C3 121.015 C1 C2 H8 119.281
C1 C6 C5 121.015 C1 C6 H12 119.281
C1 C7 H13 111.127 C1 C7 H14 111.488
C1 C7 H15 111.488 C2 C1 C6 118.202
C2 C1 C7 120.893 C2 C3 C4 120.162
C2 C3 H9 119.747 C3 C2 H8 119.703
C3 C4 C5 119.442 C3 C4 H10 120.278
C4 C3 H9 120.090 C4 C5 C6 120.162
C4 C5 H11 120.090 C5 C4 H10 120.278
C5 C6 H12 119.703 C6 C1 C7 120.893
C6 C5 H11 119.747 H13 C7 H14 107.206
H13 C7 H15 107.206 H14 C7 H15 108.111
Electronic energy levels
Charges, Dipole, Quadrupole and Polarizability
Charges from optimized geometry at PBEPBE/6-31G** Charges (e)
Number Element Mulliken CHELPG AIM ESP
1 C 0.121      
2 C -0.126      
3 C -0.097      
4 C -0.100      
5 C -0.097      
6 C -0.126      
7 C -0.434      
8 H 0.086      
9 H 0.094      
10 H 0.094      
11 H 0.094      
12 H 0.086      
13 H 0.144      
14 H 0.130      
15 H 0.130      


Electric dipole moments
Electric dipole components in Debye
(What's a Debye? See section VII.A.3)
  x y z Total
  -0.050 0.380 0.000 0.383
CHELPG        
AIM        
ESP        


Electric Quadrupole moment
Quadrupole components in D Å
Primitive
 xyz
x -44.820 -0.142 0.000
y -0.142 -37.470 0.000
z 0.000 0.000 -38.110
Traceless
 xyz
x -7.030 -0.142 0.000
y -0.142 3.995 0.000
z 0.000 0.000 3.035
Polar
3z2-r26.069
x2-y2-7.350
xy-0.142
xz0.000
yz0.000


Polarizabilities
Components of the polarizability tensor.
Units are Å3 (Angstrom cubed)
Change units.
  x y z
x 4.731 -0.107 0.000
y -0.107 14.031 0.000
z 0.000 0.000 12.049


<r2> (average value of r2) Å2
<r2> 202.678
(<r2>)1/2 14.237