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All results from a given calculation for CH3CHCH2CH3 (2-Butyl radical)

using model chemistry: HF/6-31G**

19 10 17 12 22

States and conformations

State Conformation minimum conformation conformer description state description
1 1 yes C1 1A
Energy calculated at HF/6-31G**
 hartrees
Energy at 0K-156.685065
Energy at 298.15K-156.693881
Nuclear repulsion energy122.149522
The energy at 298.15K was derived from the energy at 0K and an integrated heat capacity that used the calculated vibrational frequencies.
Vibrational Frequencies calculated at HF/6-31G**
Mode Number Symmetry Frequency
(cm-1)
Scaled Frequency
(cm-1)
IR Intensities
(km mol-1)
Raman Act
4/u)
Dep P Dep U
1 A 3299 2978 43.73      
2 A 3249 2933 51.51      
3 A 3244 2928 19.53      
4 A 3244 2928 74.77      
5 A 3202 2890 45.71      
6 A 3180 2870 29.37      
7 A 3175 2866 30.96      
8 A 3132 2827 54.17      
9 A 3112 2809 41.71      
10 A 1633 1474 2.30      
11 A 1626 1467 4.72      
12 A 1618 1460 2.76      
13 A 1611 1454 3.47      
14 A 1609 1452 1.79      
15 A 1556 1405 0.33      
16 A 1548 1398 2.47      
17 A 1530 1381 0.12      
18 A 1429 1290 9.42      
19 A 1389 1254 0.09      
20 A 1276 1151 0.41      
21 A 1196 1080 0.12      
22 A 1172 1058 1.46      
23 A 1096 990 0.17      
24 A 1065 961 0.56      
25 A 1054 951 2.43      
26 A 900 812 0.25      
27 A 833 751 0.60      
28 A 471 425 11.84      
29 A 445 402 4.41      
30 A 276 249 0.84      
31 A 259 234 0.05      
32 A 142 128 0.08      
33 A 74 67 0.07      

Unscaled Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 27321.6 cm-1
Scaled (by 0.9026) Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 24660.5 cm-1
See section III.C.1 List or set vibrational scaling factors to change the scale factors used here.
See section III.C.2 Calculate a vibrational scaling factor for a given set of molecules to determine the least squares best scaling factor.
Rotational Constants (cm-1) from geometry optimized at HF/6-31G**
ABC
0.88963 0.12112 0.11394

See section I.F.4 to change rotational constant units
Geometric Data calculated at HF/6-31G**

Point Group is C1

Cartesians (Å)
Atom x (Å) y (Å) z (Å)
C1 1.987 -0.050 -0.064
H2 2.082 -0.829 -0.816
H3 2.680 0.746 -0.318
H4 2.321 -0.480 0.883
C5 0.578 0.455 0.022
H6 0.422 1.457 0.392
C7 -0.573 -0.506 0.096
H8 -0.556 -1.031 1.055
H9 -0.446 -1.278 -0.661
C10 -1.935 0.166 -0.081
H11 -2.103 0.915 0.688
H12 -2.002 0.661 -1.045
H13 -2.741 -0.558 -0.019

Atom - Atom Distances (Å)
  C1 H2 H3 H4 C5 H6 C7 H8 H9 C10 H11 H12 H13
C11.08721.08521.09201.49932.22012.60622.94712.79093.92854.26954.16974.7559
H21.08721.75701.75092.14743.07232.82613.24062.57234.20294.77664.35324.8955
H31.08521.75701.75322.14912.47203.51083.93933.74054.65764.89094.73955.5839
H41.09201.75091.75322.15652.75632.99932.93423.26754.41114.64274.86905.1419
C51.49932.14742.14912.15651.07911.50192.13602.12632.53202.80092.80033.4707
H62.22013.07232.47202.75631.07912.22022.75383.05652.72812.59902.92843.7723
C72.60622.82613.51082.99931.50192.22021.09361.08911.52872.17012.16932.1711
H82.94713.24063.93932.93422.13602.75381.09361.73752.15092.51333.06052.4802
H92.79092.57233.74053.26752.12633.05651.08911.73752.15393.06202.51582.4891
C103.92854.20294.65764.41112.53202.72811.52872.15092.15391.08641.08581.0855
H114.26954.77664.89094.64272.80092.59902.17012.51333.06201.08641.75451.7543
H124.16974.35324.73954.86902.80032.92842.16933.06052.51581.08581.75451.7565
H134.75594.89555.58395.14193.47073.77232.17112.48022.48911.08551.75431.7565

picture of 2-Butyl radical state 1 conformation 1
More geometry information
Calculated Bond Angles
atom1 atom2 atom3 angle atom1 atom2 atom3 angle
C1 C5 H6 117.943 C1 C5 C7 120.550
H2 C1 H3 107.956 H2 C1 H4 106.924
H2 C1 C5 111.251 H3 C1 H4 107.274
H3 C1 C5 111.509 H4 C1 C5 111.693
C5 C7 H8 109.770 C5 C7 H9 109.265
C5 C7 C10 113.330 H6 C5 C7 117.745
C7 C10 H11 111.030 C7 C10 H12 111.006
C7 C10 H13 111.167 H8 C7 H9 105.505
H8 C7 C10 109.090 H9 C7 C10 109.586
H11 C10 H12 107.746 H11 C10 H13 107.749
H12 C10 H13 107.990
Electronic energy levels
Charges, Dipole, Quadrupole and Polarizability
Charges from optimized geometry at HF/6-31G** Charges (e)
Number Element Mulliken CHELPG AIM ESP
1 C -0.352 -0.093    
2 H 0.116 0.029    
3 H 0.119 0.036    
4 H 0.115 0.036    
5 C -0.111 -0.142    
6 H 0.113 0.068    
7 C -0.226 0.168    
8 H 0.111 -0.015    
9 H 0.112 -0.002    
10 C -0.334 -0.268    
11 H 0.110 0.068    
12 H 0.115 0.052    
13 H 0.112 0.063    


Electric dipole moments
Electric dipole components in Debye
(What's a Debye? See section VII.A.3)
  x y z Total
  0.049 -0.107 0.188 0.222
CHELPG        
AIM        
ESP        


Electric Quadrupole moment
Quadrupole components in D Å
Primitive
 xyz
x -27.836 0.200 -0.005
y 0.200 -27.419 0.419
z -0.005 0.419 -27.917
Traceless
 xyz
x -0.168 0.200 -0.005
y 0.200 0.457 0.419
z -0.005 0.419 -0.289
Polar
3z2-r2-0.579
x2-y2-0.417
xy0.200
xz-0.005
yz0.419


Polarizabilities
Components of the polarizability tensor.
Units are Å3 (Angstrom cubed)
Change units.
  x y z
x 6.974 0.025 -0.044
y 0.025 5.971 0.111
z -0.044 0.111 5.297


<r2> (average value of r2) Å2
<r2> 116.773
(<r2>)1/2 10.806