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All results from a given calculation for CH3CHCH2CH3 (2-Butyl radical)

using model chemistry: B3PW91/6-31G**

19 10 17 12 22

States and conformations

State Conformation minimum conformation conformer description state description
1 1 yes C1 1A
Energy calculated at B3PW91/6-31G**
 hartrees
Energy at 0K-157.747595
Energy at 298.15K-157.756078
Nuclear repulsion energy122.025602
The energy at 298.15K was derived from the energy at 0K and an integrated heat capacity that used the calculated vibrational frequencies.
Vibrational Frequencies calculated at B3PW91/6-31G**
Mode Number Symmetry Frequency
(cm-1)
Scaled Frequency
(cm-1)
IR Intensities
(km mol-1)
Raman Act
4/u)
Dep P Dep U
1 A 3177 3045 29.09      
2 A 3136 3006 29.74      
3 A 3129 2999 34.53      
4 A 3121 2992 21.28      
5 A 3059 2932 29.22      
6 A 3052 2925 30.51      
7 A 3028 2902 25.62      
8 A 2975 2851 43.30      
9 A 2948 2825 36.27      
10 A 1514 1451 3.49      
11 A 1506 1443 6.24      
12 A 1494 1432 4.93      
13 A 1483 1421 6.36      
14 A 1476 1415 0.53      
15 A 1430 1370 1.39      
16 A 1419 1360 3.65      
17 A 1406 1347 0.69      
18 A 1313 1259 7.84      
19 A 1272 1219 0.06      
20 A 1187 1138 0.42      
21 A 1145 1098 0.29      
22 A 1073 1028 0.59      
23 A 1042 999 0.20      
24 A 988 947 4.55      
25 A 973 932 2.48      
26 A 856 820 0.26      
27 A 768 736 1.84      
28 A 429 411 0.20      
29 A 404 387 19.88      
30 A 260 249 1.24      
31 A 237 227 0.04      
32 A 112 107 0.05      
33 A 63 61 0.04      

Unscaled Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 25736.0 cm-1
Scaled (by 0.9584) Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 24665.4 cm-1
See section III.C.1 List or set vibrational scaling factors to change the scale factors used here.
See section III.C.2 Calculate a vibrational scaling factor for a given set of molecules to determine the least squares best scaling factor.
Rotational Constants (cm-1) from geometry optimized at B3PW91/6-31G**
ABC
0.88429 0.12137 0.11421

See section I.F.4 to change rotational constant units
Geometric Data calculated at B3PW91/6-31G**

Point Group is C1

Cartesians (Å)
Atom x (Å) y (Å) z (Å)
C1 1.982 -0.043 -0.072
H2 2.070 -0.833 -0.829
H3 2.671 0.763 -0.343
H4 2.357 -0.479 0.871
C5 0.579 0.442 0.052
H6 0.409 1.472 0.361
C7 -0.572 -0.505 0.098
H8 -0.573 -1.055 1.058
H9 -0.436 -1.285 -0.667
C10 -1.931 0.169 -0.087
H11 -2.105 0.921 0.691
H12 -1.990 0.675 -1.056
H13 -2.749 -0.557 -0.035

Atom - Atom Distances (Å)
  C1 H2 H3 H4 C5 H6 C7 H8 H9 C10 H11 H12 H13
C11.09791.09461.10421.48862.22602.60072.97062.78213.91884.26764.15424.7584
H21.09791.77331.75982.15013.08012.81903.25482.55124.19134.77704.33704.8916
H31.09461.77331.76442.15242.47273.50993.97343.73494.64744.88914.71575.5865
H41.10421.75981.76442.16282.80393.03002.99223.28904.44204.68064.89325.1866
C51.48862.15012.15242.16281.08881.49162.13982.12832.52952.80092.80803.4760
H62.22603.08012.47272.80391.08882.22262.79893.06102.71542.59462.89733.7739
C72.60072.81903.50993.03001.49162.22261.10661.10081.52862.17652.17592.1814
H82.97063.25483.97342.99222.13982.79891.10661.74612.15762.52773.07752.4857
H92.78212.55123.73493.28902.12833.06101.10081.74612.16543.08212.53172.5062
C103.91884.19134.64744.44202.52952.71541.52862.15762.16541.09561.09481.0945
H114.26764.77704.88914.68062.80092.59462.17652.52773.08211.09561.76741.7679
H124.15424.33704.71574.89322.80802.89732.17593.07752.53171.09481.76741.7709
H134.75844.89165.58655.18663.47603.77392.18142.48572.50621.09451.76791.7709

picture of 2-Butyl radical state 1 conformation 1
More geometry information
Calculated Bond Angles
atom1 atom2 atom3 angle atom1 atom2 atom3 angle
C1 C5 H6 118.640 C1 C5 C7 121.537
H2 C1 H3 107.953 H2 C1 H4 106.093
H2 C1 C5 111.569 H3 C1 H4 106.724
H3 C1 C5 111.960 H4 C1 C5 112.207
C5 C7 H8 110.002 C5 C7 H9 109.440
C5 C7 C10 113.754 H6 C5 C7 118.098
C7 C10 H11 110.998 C7 C10 H12 110.996
C7 C10 H13 111.458 H8 C7 H9 104.564
H8 C7 C10 108.870 H9 C7 C10 109.808
H11 C10 H12 107.588 H11 C10 H13 107.656
H12 C10 H13 107.977
Electronic energy levels
Charges, Dipole, Quadrupole and Polarizability
Charges from optimized geometry at B3PW91/6-31G** Charges (e)
Number Element Mulliken CHELPG AIM ESP
1 C -0.417      
2 H 0.132      
3 H 0.135      
4 H 0.134      
5 C -0.091      
6 H 0.111      
7 C -0.251      
8 H 0.127      
9 H 0.125      
10 C -0.392      
11 H 0.128      
12 H 0.134      
13 H 0.125      


Electric dipole moments
Electric dipole components in Debye
(What's a Debye? See section VII.A.3)
  x y z Total
  0.067 -0.147 0.153 0.223
CHELPG        
AIM        
ESP        


Electric Quadrupole moment
Quadrupole components in D Å
Primitive
 xyz
x -26.865 0.135 -0.042
y 0.135 -26.735 0.339
z -0.042 0.339 -27.500
Traceless
 xyz
x 0.253 0.135 -0.042
y 0.135 0.448 0.339
z -0.042 0.339 -0.700
Polar
3z2-r2-1.401
x2-y2-0.130
xy0.135
xz-0.042
yz0.339


Polarizabilities
Components of the polarizability tensor.
Units are Å3 (Angstrom cubed)
Change units.
  x y z
x 0.000 0.000 0.000
y 0.000 0.000 0.000
z 0.000 0.000 0.000


<r2> (average value of r2) Å2
<r2> 116.350
(<r2>)1/2 10.787