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All results from a given calculation for CH3CHCH2CH3 (2-Butyl radical)

using model chemistry: mPW1PW91/6-31G**

19 10 17 12 22

States and conformations

State Conformation minimum conformation conformer description state description
1 1 yes C1 1A
Energy calculated at mPW1PW91/6-31G**
 hartrees
Energy at 0K-157.763340
Energy at 298.15K-157.771849
Nuclear repulsion energy122.223745
The energy at 298.15K was derived from the energy at 0K and an integrated heat capacity that used the calculated vibrational frequencies.
Vibrational Frequencies calculated at mPW1PW91/6-31G**
Mode Number Symmetry Frequency
(cm-1)
Scaled Frequency
(cm-1)
IR Intensities
(km mol-1)
Raman Act
4/u)
Dep P Dep U
1 A 3197 3042 27.60      
2 A 3156 3003 28.86      
3 A 3149 2996 33.36      
4 A 3142 2990 20.51      
5 A 3080 2931 28.03      
6 A 3070 2921 29.14      
7 A 3048 2900 25.29      
8 A 2997 2852 40.88      
9 A 2972 2828 35.02      
10 A 1522 1448 3.62      
11 A 1514 1440 6.54      
12 A 1502 1430 5.20      
13 A 1491 1419 6.62      
14 A 1485 1413 0.61      
15 A 1440 1371 1.33      
16 A 1427 1358 4.44      
17 A 1414 1345 0.64      
18 A 1320 1256 7.19      
19 A 1280 1218 0.05      
20 A 1195 1137 0.42      
21 A 1153 1097 0.24      
22 A 1079 1027 0.62      
23 A 1052 1001 0.24      
24 A 993 945 4.61      
25 A 978 931 2.40      
26 A 862 821 0.25      
27 A 772 735 1.79      
28 A 431 411 0.25      
29 A 403 383 19.95      
30 A 260 248 1.30      
31 A 240 228 0.04      
32 A 114 109 0.06      
33 A 65 62 0.05      

Unscaled Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 25901.7 cm-1
Scaled (by 0.9515) Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 24645.5 cm-1
See section III.C.1 List or set vibrational scaling factors to change the scale factors used here.
See section III.C.2 Calculate a vibrational scaling factor for a given set of molecules to determine the least squares best scaling factor.
Rotational Constants (cm-1) from geometry optimized at mPW1PW91/6-31G**
ABC
0.88712 0.12183 0.11459

See section I.F.4 to change rotational constant units
Geometric Data calculated at mPW1PW91/6-31G**

Point Group is C1

Cartesians (Å)
Atom x (Å) y (Å) z (Å)
C1 1.978 -0.043 -0.068
H2 2.069 -0.833 -0.823
H3 2.668 0.761 -0.337
H4 2.347 -0.477 0.875
C5 0.578 0.442 0.048
H6 0.405 1.472 0.352
C7 -0.571 -0.505 0.094
H8 -0.567 -1.057 1.051
H9 -0.436 -1.280 -0.674
C10 -1.928 0.169 -0.083
H11 -2.098 0.917 0.697
H12 -1.989 0.678 -1.049
H13 -2.744 -0.556 -0.032

Atom - Atom Distances (Å)
  C1 H2 H3 H4 C5 H6 C7 H8 H9 C10 H11 H12 H13
C11.09621.09291.10221.48702.22392.59592.95972.77983.91234.25744.14964.7507
H21.09621.77071.75762.14643.07542.81343.24192.54884.18624.76804.33524.8854
H31.09291.77071.76232.14952.47023.50453.96223.73074.64154.88004.71195.5790
H41.10221.75761.76232.15922.80073.02092.97653.28514.42894.66254.88235.1725
C51.48702.14642.14952.15921.08711.48992.13672.12512.52412.79412.80073.4698
H62.22393.07542.47022.80071.08712.22002.79793.05512.70772.58732.88493.7655
C72.59592.81343.50453.02091.48992.22001.10451.09921.52592.17232.17192.1779
H82.95973.24193.96222.97652.13672.79791.10451.74412.15462.52323.07262.4831
H92.77982.54883.73073.28512.12513.05511.09921.74412.16203.07702.52712.5029
C103.91234.18624.64154.42892.52412.70771.52592.15462.16201.09401.09321.0928
H114.25744.76804.88004.66252.79412.58732.17232.52323.07701.09401.76501.7656
H124.14964.33524.71194.88232.80072.88492.17193.07262.52711.09321.76501.7685
H134.75074.88545.57905.17253.46983.76552.17792.48312.50291.09281.76561.7685

picture of 2-Butyl radical state 1 conformation 1
More geometry information
Calculated Bond Angles
atom1 atom2 atom3 angle atom1 atom2 atom3 angle
C1 C5 H6 118.710 C1 C5 C7 121.390
H2 C1 H3 107.968 H2 C1 H4 106.157
H2 C1 C5 111.489 H3 C1 H4 106.796
H3 C1 C5 111.946 H4 C1 C5 112.160
C5 C7 H8 110.004 C5 C7 H9 109.407
C5 C7 C10 113.637 H6 C5 C7 118.121
C7 C10 H11 110.949 C7 C10 H12 110.965
C7 C10 H13 111.465 H8 C7 H9 104.644
H8 C7 C10 108.935 H9 C7 C10 109.827
H11 C10 H12 107.609 H11 C10 H13 107.690
H12 C10 H13 107.999
Electronic energy levels
Charges, Dipole, Quadrupole and Polarizability
Charges from optimized geometry at mPW1PW91/6-31G** Charges (e)
Number Element Mulliken CHELPG AIM ESP
1 C -0.424      
2 H 0.135      
3 H 0.138      
4 H 0.137      
5 C -0.096      
6 H 0.115      
7 C -0.259      
8 H 0.131      
9 H 0.129      
10 C -0.400      
11 H 0.131      
12 H 0.136      
13 H 0.128      


Electric dipole moments
Electric dipole components in Debye
(What's a Debye? See section VII.A.3)
  x y z Total
  0.066 -0.144 0.156 0.223
CHELPG        
AIM        
ESP        


Electric Quadrupole moment
Quadrupole components in D Å
Primitive
 xyz
x -26.864 0.139 -0.037
y 0.139 -26.716 0.339
z -0.037 0.339 -27.486
Traceless
 xyz
x 0.237 0.139 -0.037
y 0.139 0.459 0.339
z -0.037 0.339 -0.696
Polar
3z2-r2-1.392
x2-y2-0.148
xy0.139
xz-0.037
yz0.339


Polarizabilities
Components of the polarizability tensor.
Units are Å3 (Angstrom cubed)
Change units.
  x y z
x 0.000 0.000 0.000
y 0.000 0.000 0.000
z 0.000 0.000 0.000


<r2> (average value of r2) Å2
<r2> 115.983
(<r2>)1/2 10.770