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All results from a given calculation for CH3CHCH2CH3 (2-Butyl radical)

using model chemistry: B3LYP/6-31G**

19 10 17 12 22

States and conformations

State Conformation minimum conformation conformer description state description
1 1 yes C1 1A
Energy calculated at B3LYP/6-31G**
 hartrees
Energy at 0K-157.804523
Energy at 298.15K-157.813016
Nuclear repulsion energy121.796946
The energy at 298.15K was derived from the energy at 0K and an integrated heat capacity that used the calculated vibrational frequencies.
Vibrational Frequencies calculated at B3LYP/6-31G**
Mode Number Symmetry Frequency
(cm-1)
Scaled Frequency
(cm-1)
IR Intensities
(km mol-1)
Raman Act
4/u)
Dep P Dep U
1 A 3162 3038 31.09      
2 A 3117 2995 33.40      
3 A 3110 2988 38.41      
4 A 3102 2981 24.70      
5 A 3043 2923 16.68      
6 A 3042 2923 46.33      
7 A 3011 2893 25.82      
8 A 2956 2840 46.08      
9 A 2927 2812 39.34      
10 A 1520 1460 2.84      
11 A 1512 1453 4.94      
12 A 1500 1441 3.63      
13 A 1489 1430 5.17      
14 A 1483 1425 0.27      
15 A 1429 1373 1.68      
16 A 1425 1369 0.79      
17 A 1414 1358 0.54      
18 A 1320 1268 10.59      
19 A 1275 1225 0.08      
20 A 1186 1140 0.41      
21 A 1138 1093 0.27      
22 A 1077 1035 0.64      
23 A 1030 989 0.13      
24 A 991 952 3.22      
25 A 977 939 2.32      
26 A 851 817 0.26      
27 A 771 741 1.46      
28 A 429 412 0.18      
29 A 409 393 17.82      
30 A 262 252 1.09      
31 A 236 227 0.03      
32 A 113 109 0.05      
33 A 64 61 0.04      

Unscaled Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 25684.1 cm-1
Scaled (by 0.9608) Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 24677.3 cm-1
See section III.C.1 List or set vibrational scaling factors to change the scale factors used here.
See section III.C.2 Calculate a vibrational scaling factor for a given set of molecules to determine the least squares best scaling factor.
Rotational Constants (cm-1) from geometry optimized at B3LYP/6-31G**
ABC
0.88141 0.12074 0.11368

See section I.F.4 to change rotational constant units
Geometric Data calculated at B3LYP/6-31G**

Point Group is C1

Cartesians (Å)
Atom x (Å) y (Å) z (Å)
C1 1.986 -0.043 -0.074
H2 2.073 -0.832 -0.833
H3 2.675 0.764 -0.346
H4 2.366 -0.480 0.866
C5 0.581 0.442 0.055
H6 0.413 1.470 0.372
C7 -0.573 -0.506 0.101
H8 -0.578 -1.052 1.064
H9 -0.435 -1.289 -0.660
C10 -1.937 0.170 -0.090
H11 -2.111 0.927 0.683
H12 -1.994 0.670 -1.062
H13 -2.754 -0.556 -0.034

Atom - Atom Distances (Å)
  C1 H2 H3 H4 C5 H6 C7 H8 H9 C10 H11 H12 H13
C11.09811.09481.10481.49212.22822.60722.98182.78613.92914.27794.16294.7683
H21.09811.77421.76012.15353.08362.82503.26742.55544.19924.78484.34164.9002
H31.09481.77421.76472.15552.47593.51603.98323.74014.65664.89734.72445.5956
H41.10481.76011.76472.16652.80403.03733.00543.29134.45544.69624.90445.1989
C51.49212.15352.15552.16651.08871.49492.14342.13172.53712.80642.81683.4827
H62.22823.08362.47592.80401.08872.22502.79613.06582.72482.59982.91413.7814
C72.60722.82503.51603.03731.49492.22501.10711.10081.53382.18082.18072.1854
H82.98183.26743.98323.00542.14342.79611.10711.74682.16112.53163.08082.4871
H92.78612.55543.74013.29132.13173.06581.10081.74682.16993.08572.53572.5110
C103.92914.19924.65664.45542.53712.72481.53382.16112.16991.09571.09491.0945
H114.27794.78484.89734.69622.80642.59982.18082.53163.08571.09571.76771.7685
H124.16294.34164.72444.90442.81682.91412.18073.08082.53571.09491.76771.7714
H134.76834.90025.59565.19893.48273.78142.18542.48712.51101.09451.76851.7714

picture of 2-Butyl radical state 1 conformation 1
More geometry information
Calculated Bond Angles
atom1 atom2 atom3 angle atom1 atom2 atom3 angle
C1 C5 H6 118.559 C1 C5 C7 121.586
H2 C1 H3 108.007 H2 C1 H4 106.060
H2 C1 C5 111.581 H3 C1 H4 106.693
H3 C1 C5 111.950 H4 C1 C5 112.213
C5 C7 H8 110.032 C5 C7 H9 109.480
C5 C7 C10 113.784 H6 C5 C7 118.057
C7 C10 H11 110.965 C7 C10 H12 111.005
C7 C10 H13 111.405 H8 C7 H9 104.586
H8 C7 C10 108.755 H9 C7 C10 109.798
H11 C10 H12 107.598 H11 C10 H13 107.690
H12 C10 H13 108.014
Electronic energy levels
Charges, Dipole, Quadrupole and Polarizability
Charges from optimized geometry at B3LYP/6-31G** Charges (e)
Number Element Mulliken CHELPG AIM ESP
1 C -0.342      
2 H 0.108      
3 H 0.109      
4 H 0.109      
5 C -0.066      
6 H 0.082      
7 C -0.186      
8 H 0.099      
9 H 0.096      
10 C -0.319      
11 H 0.103      
12 H 0.108      
13 H 0.098      


Electric dipole moments
Electric dipole components in Debye
(What's a Debye? See section VII.A.3)
  x y z Total
  0.067 -0.141 0.150 0.216
CHELPG        
AIM        
ESP        


Electric Quadrupole moment
Quadrupole components in D Å
Primitive
 xyz
x -27.138 0.136 -0.040
y 0.136 -26.995 0.327
z -0.040 0.327 -27.659
Traceless
 xyz
x 0.189 0.136 -0.040
y 0.136 0.404 0.327
z -0.040 0.327 -0.593
Polar
3z2-r2-1.186
x2-y2-0.144
xy0.136
xz-0.040
yz0.327


Polarizabilities
Components of the polarizability tensor.
Units are Å3 (Angstrom cubed)
Change units.
  x y z
x 7.690 0.041 -0.051
y 0.041 6.249 0.081
z -0.051 0.081 5.419


<r2> (average value of r2) Å2
<r2> 116.946
(<r2>)1/2 10.814