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All results from a given calculation for C4H8 (cyclobutane)

using model chemistry: B3PW91/6-31G**

19 10 17 12 22

States and conformations

State Conformation minimum conformation conformer description state description
1 1 yes D2D 1A1
Energy calculated at B3PW91/6-31G**
 hartrees
Energy at 0K-157.170605
Energy at 298.15K-157.179734
HF Energy-157.170605
Nuclear repulsion energy127.128633
The energy at 298.15K was derived from the energy at 0K and an integrated heat capacity that used the calculated vibrational frequencies.
Vibrational Frequencies calculated at B3PW91/6-31G**
Mode Number Symmetry Frequency
(cm-1)
Scaled Frequency
(cm-1)
IR Intensities
(km mol-1)
Raman Act
4/u)
Dep P Dep U
1 A1 3114 2985 0.00      
2 A1 3079 2951 0.00      
3 A1 1532 1468 0.00      
4 A1 1178 1129 0.00      
5 A1 1036 993 0.00      
6 A1 205 196 0.00      
7 A2 1256 1204 0.00      
8 A2 969 929 0.00      
9 B1 1268 1215 0.00      
10 B1 1177 1128 0.00      
11 B1 965 925 0.00      
12 B2 3144 3014 94.84      
13 B2 3070 2943 9.42      
14 B2 1496 1434 3.91      
15 B2 893 856 0.01      
16 B2 633 606 3.76      
17 E 3128 2998 17.92      
17 E 3128 2998 17.92      
18 E 3071 2944 78.85      
18 E 3071 2944 78.85      
19 E 1489 1428 0.37      
19 E 1489 1428 0.37      
20 E 1299 1245 1.18      
20 E 1299 1245 1.18      
21 E 1257 1205 0.28      
21 E 1257 1205 0.28      
22 E 934 895 2.72      
22 E 934 895 2.72      
23 E 758 727 0.70      
23 E 758 727 0.70      

Unscaled Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 24442.4 cm-1
Scaled (by 0.9584) Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 23425.6 cm-1
See section III.C.1 List or set vibrational scaling factors to change the scale factors used here.
See section III.C.2 Calculate a vibrational scaling factor for a given set of molecules to determine the least squares best scaling factor.
Rotational Constants (cm-1) from geometry optimized at B3PW91/6-31G**
ABC
0.35789 0.35789 0.21240

See section I.F.4 to change rotational constant units
Geometric Data calculated at B3PW91/6-31G**

Point Group is D2d

Cartesians (Å)
Atom x (Å) y (Å) z (Å)
C1 0.000 1.078 0.130
C2 0.000 -1.078 0.130
C3 -1.078 0.000 -0.130
C4 1.078 0.000 -0.130
H5 0.000 1.400 1.177
H6 0.000 1.970 -0.505
H7 0.000 -1.400 1.177
H8 0.000 -1.970 -0.505
H9 -1.400 0.000 -1.177
H10 -1.970 0.000 0.505
H11 1.400 0.000 -1.177
H12 1.970 0.000 0.505

Atom - Atom Distances (Å)
  C1 C2 C3 C4 H5 H6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11 H12
C12.15691.54711.54711.09511.09422.69053.11342.19782.27662.19782.2766
C22.15691.54711.54712.69053.11341.09511.09422.19782.27662.19782.2766
C31.54711.54712.15692.19782.27662.19782.27661.09511.09422.69053.1134
C41.54711.54712.15692.19782.27662.19782.27662.69053.11341.09511.0942
H51.09512.69052.19782.19781.77562.80013.76603.07552.50803.07552.5080
H61.09423.11342.27662.27661.77563.76603.93902.50802.96292.50802.9629
H72.69051.09512.19782.19782.80013.76601.77563.07552.50803.07552.5080
H83.11341.09422.27662.27663.76603.93901.77562.50802.96292.50802.9629
H92.19782.19781.09512.69053.07552.50803.07552.50801.77562.80013.7660
H102.27662.27661.09423.11342.50802.96292.50802.96291.77563.76603.9390
H112.19782.19782.69051.09513.07552.50803.07552.50802.80013.76601.7756
H122.27662.27663.11341.09422.50802.96292.50802.96293.76603.93901.7756

picture of cyclobutane state 1 conformation 1
More geometry information
Calculated Bond Angles
atom1 atom2 atom3 angle atom1 atom2 atom3 angle
C1 C3 C2 88.385 C1 C3 H9 111.419
C1 C3 H10 118.049 C1 C4 C2 88.385
C1 C4 H11 111.419 C1 C4 H12 118.049
C2 C3 H9 111.419 C2 C3 H10 118.049
C2 C4 H11 111.419 C2 C4 H12 118.049
C3 C1 C4 88.385 C3 C1 H5 111.419
C3 C1 H6 118.049 C3 C2 C4 88.385
C3 C2 H7 111.419 C3 C2 H8 118.049
C4 C1 H5 111.419 C4 C1 H6 118.049
C4 C2 H7 111.419 C4 C2 H8 118.049
H5 C1 H6 108.398 H7 C2 H8 108.398
H9 C3 H10 108.398 H11 C4 H12 108.398
Electronic energy levels

Electronic state

Charges, Dipole, Quadrupole and Polarizability
Charges from optimized geometry at B3PW91/6-31G** Charges (e)
Number Element Mulliken CHELPG AIM ESP
1 C -0.246      
2 C -0.246      
3 C -0.246      
4 C -0.246      
5 H 0.127      
6 H 0.119      
7 H 0.127      
8 H 0.119      
9 H 0.127      
10 H 0.119      
11 H 0.127      
12 H 0.119      


Electric dipole moments
Electric dipole components in Debye
(What's a Debye? See section VII.A.3)
  x y z Total
  0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
CHELPG        
AIM        
ESP        


Electric Quadrupole moment
Quadrupole components in D Å
Primitive
 xyz
x -26.671 0.000 0.000
y 0.000 -26.671 0.000
z 0.000 0.000 -25.406
Traceless
 xyz
x -0.633 0.000 0.000
y 0.000 -0.633 0.000
z 0.000 0.000 1.265
Polar
3z2-r22.530
x2-y20.000
xy0.000
xz0.000
yz0.000


Polarizabilities
Components of the polarizability tensor.
Units are Å3 (Angstrom cubed)
Change units.
  x y z
x 6.222 0.000 0.000
y 0.000 6.222 0.000
z 0.000 0.000 5.822


<r2> (average value of r2) Å2
<r2> 74.628
(<r2>)1/2 8.639