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All results from a given calculation for C4H8 (cyclobutane)

using model chemistry: mPW1PW91/6-31G**

19 10 17 12 22

States and conformations

State Conformation minimum conformation conformer description state description
1 1 yes D2D 1A1
Energy calculated at mPW1PW91/6-31G**
 hartrees
Energy at 0K-157.187660
Energy at 298.15K-157.196814
HF Energy-157.187660
Nuclear repulsion energy127.363620
The energy at 298.15K was derived from the energy at 0K and an integrated heat capacity that used the calculated vibrational frequencies.
Vibrational Frequencies calculated at mPW1PW91/6-31G**
Mode Number Symmetry Frequency
(cm-1)
Scaled Frequency
(cm-1)
IR Intensities
(km mol-1)
Raman Act
4/u)
Dep P Dep U
1 A1 3135 2983 0.00      
2 A1 3097 2947 0.00      
3 A1 1540 1465 0.00      
4 A1 1185 1128 0.00      
5 A1 1046 995 0.00      
6 A1 208 198 0.00      
7 A2 1264 1203 0.00      
8 A2 975 927 0.00      
9 B1 1276 1214 0.00      
10 B1 1185 1127 0.00      
11 B1 973 926 0.00      
12 B2 3164 3011 90.05      
13 B2 3089 2939 9.96      
14 B2 1503 1430 4.20      
15 B2 900 856 0.01      
16 B2 634 604 3.70      
17 E 3148 2996 18.39      
17 E 3148 2996 18.39      
18 E 3090 2940 75.06      
18 E 3090 2940 75.06      
19 E 1497 1425 0.49      
19 E 1497 1425 0.49      
20 E 1308 1245 1.39      
20 E 1308 1245 1.39      
21 E 1265 1204 0.26      
21 E 1265 1204 0.26      
22 E 942 896 2.88      
22 E 942 896 2.88      
23 E 763 726 0.71      
23 E 763 726 0.71      

Unscaled Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 24601.1 cm-1
Scaled (by 0.9515) Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 23407.9 cm-1
See section III.C.1 List or set vibrational scaling factors to change the scale factors used here.
See section III.C.2 Calculate a vibrational scaling factor for a given set of molecules to determine the least squares best scaling factor.
Rotational Constants (cm-1) from geometry optimized at mPW1PW91/6-31G**
ABC
0.35916 0.35916 0.21337

See section I.F.4 to change rotational constant units
Geometric Data calculated at mPW1PW91/6-31G**

Point Group is D2d

Cartesians (Å)
Atom x (Å) y (Å) z (Å)
C1 0.000 1.076 0.132
C2 0.000 -1.076 0.132
C3 -1.076 0.000 -0.132
C4 1.076 0.000 -0.132
H5 0.000 1.391 1.179
H6 0.000 1.969 -0.498
H7 0.000 -1.391 1.179
H8 0.000 -1.969 -0.498
H9 -1.391 0.000 -1.179
H10 -1.969 0.000 0.498
H11 1.391 0.000 -1.179
H12 1.969 0.000 0.498

Atom - Atom Distances (Å)
  C1 C2 C3 C4 H5 H6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11 H12
C12.15211.54431.54431.09351.09252.68053.10922.19332.27332.19332.2733
C22.15211.54431.54432.68053.10921.09351.09252.19332.27332.19332.2733
C31.54431.54432.15212.19332.27332.19332.27331.09351.09252.68053.1092
C41.54431.54432.15212.19332.27332.19332.27332.68053.10921.09351.0925
H51.09352.68052.19332.19331.77362.78293.75543.07062.50483.07062.5048
H61.09253.10922.27332.27331.77363.75543.93732.50482.95722.50482.9572
H72.68051.09352.19332.19332.78293.75541.77363.07062.50483.07062.5048
H83.10921.09252.27332.27333.75543.93731.77362.50482.95722.50482.9572
H92.19332.19331.09352.68053.07062.50483.07062.50481.77362.78293.7554
H102.27332.27331.09253.10922.50482.95722.50482.95721.77363.75543.9373
H112.19332.19332.68051.09353.07062.50483.07062.50482.78293.75541.7736
H122.27332.27333.10921.09252.50482.95722.50482.95723.75543.93731.7736

picture of cyclobutane state 1 conformation 1
More geometry information
Calculated Bond Angles
atom1 atom2 atom3 angle atom1 atom2 atom3 angle
C1 C3 C2 88.337 C1 C3 H9 111.352
C1 C3 H10 118.099 C1 C4 C2 88.337
C1 C4 H11 111.352 C1 C4 H12 118.099
C2 C3 H9 111.352 C2 C3 H10 118.099
C2 C4 H11 111.352 C2 C4 H12 118.099
C3 C1 C4 88.337 C3 C1 H5 111.352
C3 C1 H6 118.099 C3 C2 C4 88.337
C3 C2 H7 111.352 C3 C2 H8 118.099
C4 C1 H5 111.352 C4 C1 H6 118.099
C4 C2 H7 111.352 C4 C2 H8 118.099
H5 C1 H6 108.453 H7 C2 H8 108.453
H9 C3 H10 108.453 H11 C4 H12 108.453
Electronic energy levels

Electronic state

Charges, Dipole, Quadrupole and Polarizability
Charges from optimized geometry at mPW1PW91/6-31G** Charges (e)
Number Element Mulliken CHELPG AIM ESP
1 C -0.254      
2 C -0.254      
3 C -0.254      
4 C -0.254      
5 H 0.130      
6 H 0.123      
7 H 0.130      
8 H 0.123      
9 H 0.130      
10 H 0.123      
11 H 0.130      
12 H 0.123      


Electric dipole moments
Electric dipole components in Debye
(What's a Debye? See section VII.A.3)
  x y z Total
  0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
CHELPG        
AIM        
ESP        


Electric Quadrupole moment
Quadrupole components in D Å
Primitive
 xyz
x -26.656 0.000 0.000
y 0.000 -26.656 0.000
z 0.000 0.000 -25.385
Traceless
 xyz
x -0.635 0.000 0.000
y 0.000 -0.635 0.000
z 0.000 0.000 1.271
Polar
3z2-r22.541
x2-y20.000
xy0.000
xz0.000
yz0.000


Polarizabilities
Components of the polarizability tensor.
Units are Å3 (Angstrom cubed)
Change units.
  x y z
x 6.179 0.000 0.000
y 0.000 6.179 0.000
z 0.000 0.000 5.780


<r2> (average value of r2) Å2
<r2> 74.385
(<r2>)1/2 8.625