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All results from a given calculation for C4H8 (cyclobutane)

using model chemistry: PBE1PBE/6-31G**

19 10 17 12 22

States and conformations

State Conformation minimum conformation conformer description state description
1 1 yes D2D 1A1
Energy calculated at PBE1PBE/6-31G**
 hartrees
Energy at 0K-157.016701
Energy at 298.15K-157.025868
HF Energy-157.016701
Nuclear repulsion energy127.325529
The energy at 298.15K was derived from the energy at 0K and an integrated heat capacity that used the calculated vibrational frequencies.
Vibrational Frequencies calculated at PBE1PBE/6-31G**
Mode Number Symmetry Frequency
(cm-1)
Scaled Frequency
(cm-1)
IR Intensities
(km mol-1)
Raman Act
(Å4/u)
Dep P Dep U
1 A1 3133 2986 0.00      
2 A1 3097 2952 0.00      
3 A1 1550 1478 0.00      
4 A1 1191 1135 0.00      
5 A1 1052 1002 0.00      
6 A1 209 199 0.00      
7 A2 1267 1207 0.00      
8 A2 975 930 0.00      
9 B1 1281 1221 0.00      
10 B1 1185 1129 0.00      
11 B1 978 932 0.00      
12 B2 3163 3014 89.83      
13 B2 3090 2945 10.05      
14 B2 1514 1443 4.52      
15 B2 903 860 0.01      
16 B2 634 604 3.58      
17 E 3147 2999 19.96      
17 E 3147 2999 19.96      
18 E 3091 2946 72.73      
18 E 3091 2946 72.73      
19 E 1507 1437 0.62      
19 E 1507 1437 0.62      
20 E 1313 1251 1.61      
20 E 1313 1251 1.61      
21 E 1269 1209 0.33      
21 E 1269 1209 0.33      
22 E 946 902 3.11      
22 E 946 902 3.11      
23 E 765 730 0.70      
23 E 765 730 0.70      

Unscaled Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 24648.2 cm-1
Scaled (by 0.9531) Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 23492.2 cm-1
See section III.C.1 List or set vibrational scaling factors to change the scale factors used here.
See section III.C.2 Calculate a vibrational scaling factor for a given set of molecules to determine the least squares best scaling factor.
Rotational Constants (cm-1) from geometry optimized at PBE1PBE/6-31G**
ABC
0.35900 0.35900 0.21355

See section I.F.4 to change rotational constant units
Geometric Data calculated at PBE1PBE/6-31G**

Point Group is D2d

Cartesians (Å)
Atom x (Å) y (Å) z (Å)
C1 0.000 1.075 0.133
C2 0.000 -1.075 0.133
C3 -1.075 0.000 -0.133
C4 1.075 0.000 -0.133
H5 0.000 1.387 1.183
H6 0.000 1.972 -0.495
H7 0.000 -1.387 1.183
H8 0.000 -1.972 -0.495
H9 -1.387 0.000 -1.183
H10 -1.972 0.000 0.495
H11 1.387 0.000 -1.183
H12 1.972 0.000 0.495

Atom - Atom Distances (Å)
  C1 C2 C3 C4 H5 H6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11 H12
C12.15081.54401.54401.09561.09472.67743.11122.19432.27492.19432.2749
C22.15081.54401.54402.67743.11121.09561.09472.19432.27492.19432.2749
C31.54401.54402.15082.19432.27492.19432.27491.09561.09472.67743.1112
C41.54401.54402.15082.19432.27492.19432.27492.67743.11121.09561.0947
H51.09562.67742.19432.19431.77752.77483.75523.07442.50723.07442.5072
H61.09473.11122.27492.27491.77753.75523.94342.50722.95922.50722.9592
H72.67741.09562.19432.19432.77483.75521.77753.07442.50723.07442.5072
H83.11121.09472.27492.27493.75523.94341.77752.50722.95922.50722.9592
H92.19432.19431.09562.67743.07442.50723.07442.50721.77752.77483.7552
H102.27492.27491.09473.11122.50722.95922.50722.95921.77753.75523.9434
H112.19432.19432.67741.09563.07442.50723.07442.50722.77483.75521.7775
H122.27492.27493.11121.09472.50722.95922.50722.95923.75523.94341.7775

picture of cyclobutane state 1 conformation 1
More geometry information
Calculated Bond Angles
atom1 atom2 atom3 angle atom1 atom2 atom3 angle
C1 C3 C2 88.294 C1 C3 H9 111.332
C1 C3 H10 118.112 C1 C4 C2 88.294
C1 C4 H11 111.332 C1 C4 H12 118.112
C2 C3 H9 111.332 C2 C3 H10 118.112
C2 C4 H11 111.332 C2 C4 H12 118.112
C3 C1 C4 88.294 C3 C1 H5 111.332
C3 C1 H6 118.112 C3 C2 C4 88.294
C3 C2 H7 111.332 C3 C2 H8 118.112
C4 C1 H5 111.332 C4 C1 H6 118.112
C4 C2 H7 111.332 C4 C2 H8 118.112
H5 C1 H6 108.492 H7 C2 H8 108.492
H9 C3 H10 108.492 H11 C4 H12 108.492
Electronic energy levels
Charges, Dipole, Quadrupole and Polarizability
Charges from optimized geometry at PBE1PBE/6-31G** Charges (e)
Number Element Mulliken CHELPG AIM ESP
1 C -0.334      
2 C -0.334      
3 C -0.334      
4 C -0.334      
5 H 0.169      
6 H 0.166      
7 H 0.169      
8 H 0.166      
9 H 0.169      
10 H 0.166      
11 H 0.169      
12 H 0.166      


Electric dipole moments
Electric dipole components in Debye
(What's a Debye? See section VII.A.3)
  x y z Total
  0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
CHELPG        
AIM        
ESP        


Electric Quadrupole moment
Quadrupole components in D Å
Primitive
 xyz
x -26.767 0.000 0.000
y 0.000 -26.767 0.000
z 0.000 0.000 -25.404
Traceless
 xyz
x -0.681 0.000 0.000
y 0.000 -0.681 0.000
z 0.000 0.000 1.363
Polar
3z2-r22.725
x2-y20.000
xy0.000
xz0.000
yz0.000


Polarizabilities
Components of the polarizability tensor.
Units are Å3 (Angstrom cubed)
Change units.
  x y z
x 6.105 0.000 0.000
y 0.000 6.105 0.000
z 0.000 0.000 5.733


<r2> (average value of r2) Å2
<r2> 74.449
(<r2>)1/2 8.628