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All results from a given calculation for C4H8 (cyclobutane)

using model chemistry: PBEPBE/6-31G**

19 10 17 12 22

States and conformations

State Conformation minimum conformation conformer description state description
1 1 yes D2D 1A1
Energy calculated at PBEPBE/6-31G**
 hartrees
Energy at 0K-156.993403
Energy at 298.15K-157.002437
HF Energy-156.993403
Nuclear repulsion energy126.468442
The energy at 298.15K was derived from the energy at 0K and an integrated heat capacity that used the calculated vibrational frequencies.
Vibrational Frequencies calculated at PBEPBE/6-31G**
Mode Number Symmetry Frequency
(cm-1)
Scaled Frequency
(cm-1)
IR Intensities
(km mol-1)
Raman Act
4/u)
Dep P Dep U
1 A1 3041 3000 0.00      
2 A1 3005 2964 0.00      
3 A1 1484 1464 0.00      
4 A1 1141 1125 0.00      
5 A1 1012 998 0.00      
6 A1 206 203 0.00      
7 A2 1211 1195 0.00      
8 A2 939 926 0.00      
9 B1 1227 1210 0.00      
10 B1 1134 1118 0.00      
11 B1 938 925 0.00      
12 B2 3071 3029 89.92      
13 B2 2999 2958 9.85      
14 B2 1453 1433 3.89      
15 B2 870 858 0.02      
16 B2 613 605 3.89      
17 E 3055 3013 19.00      
17 E 3055 3013 19.00      
18 E 2999 2958 76.14      
18 E 2999 2958 76.14      
19 E 1444 1424 0.21      
19 E 1444 1424 0.21      
20 E 1253 1236 0.79      
20 E 1253 1236 0.79      
21 E 1219 1202 0.45      
21 E 1219 1202 0.45      
22 E 908 895 2.29      
22 E 908 895 2.29      
23 E 738 728 0.75      
23 E 738 728 0.75      

Unscaled Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 23785.9 cm-1
Scaled (by 0.9863) Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 23460.0 cm-1
See section III.C.1 List or set vibrational scaling factors to change the scale factors used here.
See section III.C.2 Calculate a vibrational scaling factor for a given set of molecules to determine the least squares best scaling factor.
Rotational Constants (cm-1) from geometry optimized at PBEPBE/6-31G**
ABC
0.35417 0.35417 0.21066

See section I.F.4 to change rotational constant units
Geometric Data calculated at PBEPBE/6-31G**

Point Group is D2d

Cartesians (Å)
Atom x (Å) y (Å) z (Å)
C1 0.000 1.083 0.134
C2 0.000 -1.083 0.134
C3 -1.083 0.000 -0.134
C4 1.083 0.000 -0.134
H5 0.000 1.395 1.192
H6 0.000 1.987 -0.495
H7 0.000 -1.395 1.192
H8 0.000 -1.987 -0.495
H9 -1.395 0.000 -1.192
H10 -1.987 0.000 0.495
H11 1.395 0.000 -1.192
H12 1.987 0.000 0.495

Atom - Atom Distances (Å)
  C1 C2 C3 C4 H5 H6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11 H12
C12.16531.55451.55451.10291.10202.69423.13352.20882.29132.20882.2913
C22.16531.55451.55452.69423.13351.10291.10202.20882.29132.20882.2913
C31.55451.55452.16532.20882.29132.20882.29131.10291.10202.69423.1335
C41.55451.55452.16532.20882.29132.20882.29132.69423.13351.10291.1020
H51.10292.69422.20882.20881.78822.79053.77983.09492.52583.09492.5258
H61.10203.13352.29132.29131.78823.77983.97382.52582.97942.52582.9794
H72.69421.10292.20882.20882.79053.77981.78823.09492.52583.09492.5258
H83.13351.10202.29132.29133.77983.97381.78822.52582.97942.52582.9794
H92.20882.20881.10292.69423.09492.52583.09492.52581.78822.79053.7798
H102.29132.29131.10203.13352.52582.97942.52582.97941.78823.77983.9738
H112.20882.20882.69421.10293.09492.52583.09492.52582.79053.77981.7882
H122.29132.29133.13351.10202.52582.97942.52582.97943.77983.97381.7882

picture of cyclobutane state 1 conformation 1
More geometry information
Calculated Bond Angles
atom1 atom2 atom3 angle atom1 atom2 atom3 angle
C1 C3 C2 88.285 C1 C3 H9 111.303
C1 C3 H10 118.204 C1 C4 C2 88.285
C1 C4 H11 111.303 C1 C4 H12 118.204
C2 C3 H9 111.303 C2 C3 H10 118.204
C2 C4 H11 111.303 C2 C4 H12 118.204
C3 C1 C4 88.285 C3 C1 H5 111.303
C3 C1 H6 118.204 C3 C2 C4 88.285
C3 C2 H7 111.303 C3 C2 H8 118.204
C4 C1 H5 111.303 C4 C1 H6 118.204
C4 C2 H7 111.303 C4 C2 H8 118.204
H5 C1 H6 108.392 H7 C2 H8 108.392
H9 C3 H10 108.392 H11 C4 H12 108.392
Electronic energy levels
Charges, Dipole, Quadrupole and Polarizability
Charges from optimized geometry at PBEPBE/6-31G** Charges (e)
Number Element Mulliken CHELPG AIM ESP
1 C -0.223      
2 C -0.223      
3 C -0.223      
4 C -0.223      
5 H 0.116      
6 H 0.108      
7 H 0.116      
8 H 0.108      
9 H 0.116      
10 H 0.108      
11 H 0.116      
12 H 0.108      


Electric dipole moments
Electric dipole components in Debye
(What's a Debye? See section VII.A.3)
  x y z Total
  0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
CHELPG        
AIM        
ESP        


Electric Quadrupole moment
Quadrupole components in D Å
Primitive
 xyz
x -26.814 0.000 0.000
y 0.000 -26.814 0.000
z 0.000 0.000 -25.589
Traceless
 xyz
x -0.612 0.000 0.000
y 0.000 -0.612 0.000
z 0.000 0.000 1.224
Polar
3z2-r22.448
x2-y20.000
xy0.000
xz0.000
yz0.000


Polarizabilities
Components of the polarizability tensor.
Units are Å3 (Angstrom cubed)
Change units.
  x y z
x 6.370 0.000 0.000
y 0.000 6.370 0.000
z 0.000 0.000 5.944


<r2> (average value of r2) Å2
<r2> 75.301
(<r2>)1/2 8.678