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All results from a given calculation for C4H6O2 (γ–Butyrolactone)

using model chemistry: B3PW91/6-31G**

19 10 17 12 22

States and conformations

State Conformation minimum conformation conformer description state description
1 1 yes C1 1A
Energy calculated at B3PW91/6-31G**
 hartrees
Energy at 0K-306.387495
Energy at 298.15K 
HF Energy-306.387495
Nuclear repulsion energy240.777029
The energy at 298.15K was derived from the energy at 0K and an integrated heat capacity that used the calculated vibrational frequencies.
Vibrational Frequencies calculated at B3PW91/6-31G**
Mode Number Symmetry Frequency
(cm-1)
Scaled Frequency
(cm-1)
IR Intensities
(km mol-1)
Raman Act
4/u)
Dep P Dep U
1 A 3162 3031 7.27      
2 A 3148 3017 21.19      
3 A 3137 3007 17.98      
4 A 3087 2959 19.47      
5 A 3077 2949 5.37      
6 A 3058 2931 43.76      
7 A 1906 1827 376.03      
8 A 1534 1470 0.50      
9 A 1505 1442 6.36      
10 A 1469 1408 8.35      
11 A 1405 1347 22.89      
12 A 1350 1294 2.57      
13 A 1310 1255 13.14      
14 A 1263 1211 9.18      
15 A 1226 1175 27.74      
16 A 1200 1150 1.93      
17 A 1190 1141 199.46      
18 A 1099 1053 20.62      
19 A 1084 1039 59.31      
20 A 1021 978 15.56      
21 A 947 908 3.46      
22 A 902 864 7.81      
23 A 884 847 11.72      
24 A 814 781 4.06      
25 A 686 657 4.86      
26 A 639 613 4.86      
27 A 530 508 2.83      
28 A 489 469 3.55      
29 A 208 199 2.05      
30 A 151 145 0.97      

Unscaled Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 21741.2 cm-1
Scaled (by 0.9584) Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 20836.7 cm-1
See section III.C.1 List or set vibrational scaling factors to change the scale factors used here.
See section III.C.2 Calculate a vibrational scaling factor for a given set of molecules to determine the least squares best scaling factor.
Rotational Constants (cm-1) from geometry optimized at B3PW91/6-31G**
ABC
0.24354 0.11952 0.08535

See section I.F.4 to change rotational constant units
Geometric Data calculated at B3PW91/6-31G**

Point Group is C1

Cartesians (Å)
Atom x (Å) y (Å) z (Å)
C1 0.885 -0.001 0.003
C2 -0.028 1.204 0.170
C3 -1.401 0.666 -0.221
C4 -1.263 -0.819 0.129
O5 0.126 -1.131 -0.045
O6 2.083 -0.028 -0.072
H7 0.335 2.039 -0.431
H8 0.011 1.511 1.222
H9 -1.564 0.786 -1.297
H10 -2.234 1.141 0.302
H11 -1.838 -1.483 -0.519
H12 -1.538 -1.021 1.172

Atom - Atom Distances (Å)
  C1 C2 C3 C4 O5 O6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11 H12
C11.52192.39222.30201.36181.20082.15752.13042.88253.33523.14422.8773
C21.52191.52552.37072.35042.45701.09101.09692.16472.21033.31282.8699
C32.39221.52551.53212.36513.55602.22372.18931.09471.09242.21372.1924
C42.30202.37071.53211.43443.44443.32242.87212.16802.19431.09221.0972
O51.36182.35042.36511.43442.24663.20072.93272.84603.29452.05152.0645
O61.20082.45703.55603.44442.24662.73112.88773.93284.48844.20673.9558
H72.15751.09102.22373.32243.20072.73111.76542.43522.81864.14033.9301
H82.13041.09692.18932.87212.93272.88771.76543.05882.45443.92712.9693
H92.88252.16471.09472.16802.84603.93282.43523.05881.77002.41443.0597
H103.33522.21031.09242.19433.29454.48842.81862.45441.77002.77862.4324
H113.14423.31282.21371.09222.05154.20674.14033.92712.41442.77861.7787
H122.87732.86992.19241.09722.06453.95583.93012.96933.05972.43241.7787

picture of γ–Butyrolactone state 1 conformation 1
More geometry information
Calculated Bond Angles
atom1 atom2 atom3 angle atom1 atom2 atom3 angle
C1 C2 C3 103.442 C1 C2 H7 110.230
C1 C2 H8 107.771 C1 O5 C4 110.795
C2 C1 O5 109.058 C2 C1 O6 128.572
C2 C3 C4 101.670 C2 C3 H9 110.339
C2 C3 H10 114.179 C3 C2 H7 115.391
C3 C2 H8 112.169 C3 C4 O5 105.687
C3 C4 H11 113.979 C3 C4 H12 111.928
C4 C3 H9 110.129 C4 C3 H10 112.372
O5 C1 O6 122.368 O5 C4 H11 107.804
O5 C4 H12 108.539 H7 C2 H8 107.580
H9 C3 H10 108.055 H11 C4 H12 108.669
Electronic energy levels
Charges, Dipole, Quadrupole and Polarizability
Charges from optimized geometry at B3PW91/6-31G** Charges (e)
Number Element Mulliken CHELPG AIM ESP
1 C 0.622      
2 C -0.357      
3 C -0.296      
4 C 0.003      
5 O -0.454      
6 O -0.460      
7 H 0.175      
8 H 0.173      
9 H 0.157      
10 H 0.146      
11 H 0.150      
12 H 0.142      


Electric dipole moments
Electric dipole components in Debye
(What's a Debye? See section VII.A.3)
  x y z Total
  -4.244 1.486 0.395 4.514
CHELPG        
AIM        
ESP        


Electric Quadrupole moment
Quadrupole components in D Å
Primitive
 xyz
x -39.632 1.771 0.266
y 1.771 -34.638 -0.081
z 0.266 -0.081 -33.019
Traceless
 xyz
x -5.804 1.771 0.266
y 1.771 1.687 -0.081
z 0.266 -0.081 4.116
Polar
3z2-r28.232
x2-y2-4.994
xy1.771
xz0.266
yz-0.081


Polarizabilities
Components of the polarizability tensor.
Units are Å3 (Angstrom cubed)
Change units.
  x y z
x 7.948 0.464 -0.106
y 0.464 6.343 0.026
z -0.106 0.026 5.336


<r2> (average value of r2) Å2
<r2> 139.493
(<r2>)1/2 11.811