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All results from a given calculation for C4H6O2 (γ–Butyrolactone)

using model chemistry: PBE1PBE/6-31G**

19 10 17 12 22

States and conformations

State Conformation minimum conformation conformer description state description
1 1 yes C1 1A
Energy calculated at PBE1PBE/6-31G**
 hartrees
Energy at 0K-306.152065
Energy at 298.15K 
HF Energy-306.152065
Nuclear repulsion energy241.293592
The energy at 298.15K was derived from the energy at 0K and an integrated heat capacity that used the calculated vibrational frequencies.
Vibrational Frequencies calculated at PBE1PBE/6-31G**
Mode Number Symmetry Frequency
(cm-1)
Scaled Frequency
(cm-1)
IR Intensities
(km mol-1)
Raman Act
(Å4/u)
Dep P Dep U
1 A 3180 3031 6.77      
2 A 3169 3020 22.53      
3 A 3160 3011 14.83      
4 A 3105 2960 18.51      
5 A 3093 2948 4.91      
6 A 3081 2936 41.23      
7 A 1928 1838 385.14      
8 A 1553 1480 0.54      
9 A 1522 1451 7.21      
10 A 1488 1418 9.04      
11 A 1421 1355 24.76      
12 A 1365 1301 2.63      
13 A 1326 1264 14.99      
14 A 1277 1217 11.49      
15 A 1240 1182 37.75      
16 A 1213 1156 9.52      
17 A 1210 1153 183.46      
18 A 1114 1062 41.37      
19 A 1103 1051 39.38      
20 A 1032 984 14.92      
21 A 960 915 3.40      
22 A 911 868 8.34      
23 A 895 853 10.06      
24 A 825 786 4.13      
25 A 692 660 5.25      
26 A 643 613 4.69      
27 A 533 508 2.89      
28 A 493 470 3.84      
29 A 212 202 2.12      
30 A 153 145 0.91      

Unscaled Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 21947.7 cm-1
Scaled (by 0.9531) Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 20918.4 cm-1
See section III.C.1 List or set vibrational scaling factors to change the scale factors used here.
See section III.C.2 Calculate a vibrational scaling factor for a given set of molecules to determine the least squares best scaling factor.
Rotational Constants (cm-1) from geometry optimized at PBE1PBE/6-31G**
ABC
0.24446 0.12008 0.08582

See section I.F.4 to change rotational constant units
Geometric Data calculated at PBE1PBE/6-31G**

Point Group is C1

Cartesians (Å)
Atom x (Å) y (Å) z (Å)
C1 0.882 -0.002 0.003
C2 -0.030 1.201 0.173
C3 -1.397 0.664 -0.226
C4 -1.258 -0.817 0.131
O5 0.126 -1.128 -0.045
O6 2.078 -0.027 -0.074
H7 0.336 2.041 -0.421
H8 0.003 1.502 1.229
H9 -1.551 0.778 -1.305
H10 -2.235 1.141 0.289
H11 -1.835 -1.486 -0.511
H12 -1.529 -1.012 1.177

Atom - Atom Distances (Å)
  C1 C2 C3 C4 O5 O6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11 H12
C11.51952.38582.29421.35761.19872.15672.12972.87033.33213.13852.8659
C21.51951.52272.36302.34462.45261.09161.09762.16272.20883.30882.8557
C32.38581.52271.52912.35813.54692.22242.18611.09531.09292.21202.1894
C42.29422.36301.52911.42943.43493.31862.85832.16552.19301.09231.0973
O51.35762.34462.35811.42942.24163.19792.92452.83313.29072.04652.0603
O61.19872.45263.54693.43492.24162.72672.88823.91594.48324.19893.9430
H72.15671.09162.22243.31863.19792.72671.76682.43652.81484.14233.9182
H82.12971.09762.18612.85832.92452.88821.76683.05862.45363.91542.9446
H92.87032.16271.09532.16552.83313.91592.43653.05861.77192.41533.0595
H103.33212.20881.09292.19303.29074.48322.81482.45361.77192.77472.4331
H113.13853.30882.21201.09232.04654.19894.14233.91542.41532.77471.7795
H122.86592.85572.18941.09732.06033.94303.91822.94463.05952.43311.7795

picture of γ–Butyrolactone state 1 conformation 1
More geometry information
Calculated Bond Angles
atom1 atom2 atom3 angle atom1 atom2 atom3 angle
C1 C2 C3 103.299 C1 C2 H7 110.305
C1 C2 H8 107.842 C1 O5 C4 110.780
C2 C1 O5 109.035 C2 C1 O6 128.541
C2 C3 C4 101.481 C2 C3 H9 110.330
C2 C3 H10 114.223 C3 C2 H7 115.451
C3 C2 H8 112.065 C3 C4 O5 105.646
C3 C4 H11 114.055 C3 C4 H12 111.890
C4 C3 H9 110.107 C4 C3 H10 112.447
O5 C1 O6 122.422 O5 C4 H11 107.746
O5 C4 H12 108.540 H7 C2 H8 107.623
H9 C3 H10 108.141 H11 C4 H12 108.720
Electronic energy levels
Charges, Dipole, Quadrupole and Polarizability
Charges from optimized geometry at PBE1PBE/6-31G** Charges (e)
Number Element Mulliken CHELPG AIM ESP
1 C 0.636      
2 C -0.461      
3 C -0.384      
4 C -0.089      
5 O -0.449      
6 O -0.458      
7 H 0.220      
8 H 0.216      
9 H 0.199      
10 H 0.192      
11 H 0.195      
12 H 0.183      


Electric dipole moments
Electric dipole components in Debye
(What's a Debye? See section VII.A.3)
  x y z Total
  -4.240 1.476 0.402 4.507
CHELPG        
AIM        
ESP        


Electric Quadrupole moment
Quadrupole components in D Å
Primitive
 xyz
x -39.720 1.759 0.263
y 1.759 -34.754 -0.075
z 0.263 -0.075 -33.062
Traceless
 xyz
x -5.812 1.759 0.263
y 1.759 1.637 -0.075
z 0.263 -0.075 4.175
Polar
3z2-r28.350
x2-y2-4.966
xy1.759
xz0.263
yz-0.075


Polarizabilities
Components of the polarizability tensor.
Units are Å3 (Angstrom cubed)
Change units.
  x y z
x 7.815 0.456 -0.108
y 0.456 6.236 0.027
z -0.108 0.027 5.268


<r2> (average value of r2) Å2
<r2> 138.992
(<r2>)1/2 11.789