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All results from a given calculation for C4H6O2 (γ–Butyrolactone)

using model chemistry: HSEh1PBE/6-31G**

19 10 17 12 22

States and conformations

State Conformation minimum conformation conformer description state description
1 1 yes C1 1A
Energy calculated at HSEh1PBE/6-31G**
 hartrees
Energy at 0K-306.185087
Energy at 298.15K 
HF Energy-306.185087
Nuclear repulsion energy241.281976
The energy at 298.15K was derived from the energy at 0K and an integrated heat capacity that used the calculated vibrational frequencies.
Vibrational Frequencies calculated at HSEh1PBE/6-31G**
Mode Number Symmetry Frequency
(cm-1)
Scaled Frequency
(cm-1)
IR Intensities
(km mol-1)
Raman Act
(Å4/u)
Dep P Dep U
1 A 3177 3032 5.98      
2 A 3162 3018 19.61      
3 A 3151 3007 17.74      
4 A 3099 2957 18.57      
5 A 3088 2947 4.83      
6 A 3069 2929 42.46      
7 A 1925 1837 385.27      
8 A 1537 1466 0.67      
9 A 1506 1437 7.08      
10 A 1470 1403 8.95      
11 A 1411 1347 26.00      
12 A 1355 1293 3.17      
13 A 1316 1255 16.54      
14 A 1268 1210 10.89      
15 A 1233 1176 41.84      
16 A 1204 1149 16.80      
17 A 1202 1147 167.88      
18 A 1106 1056 49.43      
19 A 1094 1044 31.88      
20 A 1026 979 14.47      
21 A 955 912 3.27      
22 A 906 865 8.97      
23 A 890 850 9.88      
24 A 821 784 4.10      
25 A 691 660 5.21      
26 A 642 613 4.75      
27 A 531 507 2.89      
28 A 492 470 3.81      
29 A 211 202 2.09      
30 A 153 146 0.93      

Unscaled Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 21845.8 cm-1
Scaled (by 0.9543) Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 20847.5 cm-1
See section III.C.1 List or set vibrational scaling factors to change the scale factors used here.
See section III.C.2 Calculate a vibrational scaling factor for a given set of molecules to determine the least squares best scaling factor.
Rotational Constants (cm-1) from geometry optimized at HSEh1PBE/6-31G**
ABC
0.24456 0.12003 0.08579

See section I.F.4 to change rotational constant units
Geometric Data calculated at HSEh1PBE/6-31G**

Point Group is C1

Cartesians (Å)
Atom x (Å) y (Å) z (Å)
C1 0.883 -0.002 0.003
C2 -0.029 1.201 0.173
C3 -1.397 0.665 -0.225
C4 -1.260 -0.816 0.131
O5 0.125 -1.128 -0.046
O6 2.079 -0.028 -0.073
H7 0.338 2.039 -0.421
H8 0.007 1.501 1.227
H9 -1.552 0.779 -1.302
H10 -2.233 1.142 0.291
H11 -1.838 -1.483 -0.512
H12 -1.532 -1.012 1.176

Atom - Atom Distances (Å)
  C1 C2 C3 C4 O5 O6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11 H12
C11.51882.38602.29561.35821.19862.15482.12682.87083.33133.14032.8682
C21.51881.52262.36382.34462.45211.09061.09672.16172.20833.30872.8573
C32.38601.52261.52902.35843.54722.22232.18591.09441.09202.21102.1885
C42.29562.36381.52901.43063.43633.31842.85902.16472.19201.09181.0970
O51.35822.34462.35841.43062.24203.19662.92312.83383.29012.04882.0620
O61.19862.45213.54723.43632.24202.72502.88453.91714.48234.20123.9453
H72.15481.09062.22233.31843.19662.72501.76542.43612.81494.14133.9187
H82.12681.09672.18592.85902.92312.88451.76543.05732.45413.91532.9469
H92.87082.16171.09442.16472.83383.91712.43613.05731.77002.41373.0575
H103.33132.20831.09202.19203.29014.48232.81492.45411.77002.77262.4310
H113.14033.30872.21101.09182.04884.20124.14133.91532.41372.77261.7783
H122.86822.85732.18851.09702.06203.94533.91872.94693.05752.43101.7783

picture of γ–Butyrolactone state 1 conformation 1
More geometry information
Calculated Bond Angles
atom1 atom2 atom3 angle atom1 atom2 atom3 angle
C1 C2 C3 103.348 C1 C2 H7 110.252
C1 C2 H8 107.711 C1 O5 C4 110.781
C2 C1 O5 109.034 C2 C1 O6 128.549
C2 C3 C4 101.537 C2 C3 H9 110.314
C2 C3 H10 114.252 C3 C2 H7 115.520
C3 C2 H8 112.112 C3 C4 O5 105.615
C3 C4 H11 114.008 C3 C4 H12 111.843
C4 C3 H9 110.100 C4 C3 H10 112.430
O5 C1 O6 122.415 O5 C4 H11 107.874
O5 C4 H12 108.609 H7 C2 H8 107.625
H9 C3 H10 108.100 H11 C4 H12 108.666
Electronic energy levels
Charges, Dipole, Quadrupole and Polarizability
Charges from optimized geometry at HSEh1PBE/6-31G** Charges (e)
Number Element Mulliken CHELPG AIM ESP
1 C 0.623      
2 C -0.360      
3 C -0.299      
4 C 0.003      
5 O -0.456      
6 O -0.458      
7 H 0.176      
8 H 0.174      
9 H 0.158      
10 H 0.147      
11 H 0.151      
12 H 0.142      


Electric dipole moments
Electric dipole components in Debye
(What's a Debye? See section VII.A.3)
  x y z Total
  -4.241 1.484 0.401 4.511
CHELPG        
AIM        
ESP        


Electric Quadrupole moment
Quadrupole components in D Å
Primitive
 xyz
x -39.702 1.765 0.269
y 1.765 -34.718 -0.081
z 0.269 -0.081 -33.085
Traceless
 xyz
x -5.801 1.765 0.269
y 1.765 1.676 -0.081
z 0.269 -0.081 4.125
Polar
3z2-r28.251
x2-y2-4.985
xy1.765
xz0.269
yz-0.081


Polarizabilities
Components of the polarizability tensor.
Units are Å3 (Angstrom cubed)
Change units.
  x y z
x 7.898 0.458 -0.106
y 0.458 6.305 0.025
z -0.106 0.025 5.328


<r2> (average value of r2) Å2
<r2> 139.008
(<r2>)1/2 11.790