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All results from a given calculation for C4H6O2 (γ–Butyrolactone)

using model chemistry: PBEPBE/6-31G**

19 10 17 12 22

States and conformations

State Conformation minimum conformation conformer description state description
1 1 yes C1 1A
Energy calculated at PBEPBE/6-31G**
 hartrees
Energy at 0K-306.141240
Energy at 298.15K 
HF Energy-306.141240
Nuclear repulsion energy238.936798
The energy at 298.15K was derived from the energy at 0K and an integrated heat capacity that used the calculated vibrational frequencies.
Vibrational Frequencies calculated at PBEPBE/6-31G**
Mode Number Symmetry Frequency
(cm-1)
Scaled Frequency
(cm-1)
IR Intensities
(km mol-1)
Raman Act
4/u)
Dep P Dep U
1 A 3087 3045 6.96      
2 A 3073 3031 18.72      
3 A 3058 3016 20.72      
4 A 3013 2972 19.28      
5 A 3001 2960 5.67      
6 A 2976 2936 43.79      
7 A 1837 1812 324.28      
8 A 1485 1464 0.36      
9 A 1458 1438 5.22      
10 A 1424 1405 7.64      
11 A 1351 1333 15.77      
12 A 1304 1286 1.99      
13 A 1261 1244 8.18      
14 A 1220 1204 5.43      
15 A 1182 1166 12.72      
16 A 1158 1142 2.23      
17 A 1128 1113 185.37      
18 A 1059 1044 11.14      
19 A 1032 1018 55.57      
20 A 986 973 25.99      
21 A 921 908 3.13      
22 A 872 860 7.76      
23 A 852 840 16.29      
24 A 785 774 3.59      
25 A 662 652 3.38      
26 A 616 608 4.20      
27 A 510 503 2.05      
28 A 470 464 2.61      
29 A 207 204 1.79      
30 A 151 149 0.85      

Unscaled Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 21069.5 cm-1
Scaled (by 0.9863) Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 20780.8 cm-1
See section III.C.1 List or set vibrational scaling factors to change the scale factors used here.
See section III.C.2 Calculate a vibrational scaling factor for a given set of molecules to determine the least squares best scaling factor.
Rotational Constants (cm-1) from geometry optimized at PBEPBE/6-31G**
ABC
0.23996 0.11769 0.08412

See section I.F.4 to change rotational constant units
Geometric Data calculated at PBEPBE/6-31G**

Point Group is C1

Cartesians (Å)
Atom x (Å) y (Å) z (Å)
C1 0.892 0.002 0.003
C2 -0.032 1.211 0.175
C3 -1.408 0.670 -0.228
C4 -1.274 -0.820 0.132
O5 0.126 -1.145 -0.046
O6 2.101 -0.027 -0.074
H7 0.335 2.057 -0.421
H8 0.001 1.513 1.237
H9 -1.560 0.784 -1.314
H10 -2.252 1.151 0.287
H11 -1.858 -1.493 -0.514
H12 -1.547 -1.016 1.186

Atom - Atom Distances (Å)
  C1 C2 C3 C4 O5 O6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11 H12
C11.53062.40562.32021.38001.21172.17112.14402.89123.35933.17222.8956
C21.53061.53182.38062.37072.47851.09881.10512.17542.22363.33372.8765
C32.40561.53181.53892.38293.58032.23602.20031.10251.10032.22732.2046
C42.32022.38061.53891.44803.47263.34302.87872.17912.20621.10051.1059
O51.38002.37072.38291.44802.26913.23082.95322.85883.32222.06782.0818
O61.21172.47853.58033.47262.26912.75382.91513.94954.52394.24393.9840
H72.17111.09882.23603.34303.23082.75381.77742.45152.83154.17373.9460
H82.14401.10512.20032.87872.95322.91511.77743.07832.47163.94362.9651
H92.89122.17541.10252.17912.85883.94952.45153.07831.78292.43163.0806
H103.35932.22361.10032.20623.32224.52392.83152.47161.78292.79062.4493
H113.17223.33372.22731.10052.06784.24394.17373.94362.43162.79061.7927
H122.89562.87652.20461.10592.08183.98403.94602.96513.08062.44931.7927

picture of γ–Butyrolactone state 1 conformation 1
More geometry information
Calculated Bond Angles
atom1 atom2 atom3 angle atom1 atom2 atom3 angle
C1 C2 C3 103.537 C1 C2 H7 110.233
C1 C2 H8 107.770 C1 O5 C4 110.236
C2 C1 O5 108.967 C2 C1 O6 128.948
C2 C3 C4 101.656 C2 C3 H9 110.278
C2 C3 H10 114.301 C3 C2 H7 115.443
C3 C2 H8 112.102 C3 C4 O5 105.795
C3 C4 H11 114.071 C3 C4 H12 111.893
C4 C3 H9 110.076 C4 C3 H10 112.359
O5 C1 O6 122.084 O5 C4 H11 107.685
O5 C4 H12 108.461 H7 C2 H8 107.502
H9 C3 H10 108.066 H11 C4 H12 108.688
Electronic energy levels
Charges, Dipole, Quadrupole and Polarizability
Charges from optimized geometry at PBEPBE/6-31G** Charges (e)
Number Element Mulliken CHELPG AIM ESP
1 C 0.556      
2 C -0.325      
3 C -0.267      
4 C -0.002      
5 O -0.405      
6 O -0.423      
7 H 0.159      
8 H 0.160      
9 H 0.144      
10 H 0.131      
11 H 0.138      
12 H 0.131      


Electric dipole moments
Electric dipole components in Debye
(What's a Debye? See section VII.A.3)
  x y z Total
  -4.034 1.404 0.378 4.288
CHELPG        
AIM        
ESP        


Electric Quadrupole moment
Quadrupole components in D Å
Primitive
 xyz
x -39.481 1.684 0.261
y 1.684 -34.750 -0.064
z 0.261 -0.064 -33.262
Traceless
 xyz
x -5.475 1.684 0.261
y 1.684 1.622 -0.064
z 0.261 -0.064 3.853
Polar
3z2-r27.707
x2-y2-4.731
xy1.684
xz0.261
yz-0.064


Polarizabilities
Components of the polarizability tensor.
Units are Å3 (Angstrom cubed)
Change units.
  x y z
x 8.296 0.500 -0.118
y 0.500 6.605 0.031
z -0.118 0.031 5.461


<r2> (average value of r2) Å2
<r2> 141.254
(<r2>)1/2 11.885