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All results from a given calculation for CH3CHCH2CH3 (2-Butyl radical)

using model chemistry: BLYP/6-31+G**

19 10 17 12 22

States and conformations

State Conformation minimum conformation conformer description state description
1 1 yes C1 1A
Energy calculated at BLYP/6-31+G**
 hartrees
Energy at 0K-157.697523
Energy at 298.15K-157.705865
Nuclear repulsion energy120.908591
The energy at 298.15K was derived from the energy at 0K and an integrated heat capacity that used the calculated vibrational frequencies.
Vibrational Frequencies calculated at BLYP/6-31+G**
Mode Number Symmetry Frequency
(cm-1)
Scaled Frequency
(cm-1)
IR Intensities
(km mol-1)
Raman Act
4/u)
Dep P Dep U
1 A 3080 3063 33.07      
2 A 3027 3011 37.66      
3 A 3021 3005 40.94      
4 A 3017 3001 28.04      
5 A 2959 2943 37.40      
6 A 2944 2928 38.57      
7 A 2913 2897 31.55      
8 A 2857 2841 56.83      
9 A 2826 2811 48.52      
10 A 1471 1463 4.65      
11 A 1465 1457 7.62      
12 A 1450 1442 6.46      
13 A 1439 1431 7.59      
14 A 1430 1423 0.40      
15 A 1379 1371 3.40      
16 A 1371 1364 0.39      
17 A 1364 1357 0.63      
18 A 1277 1271 9.19      
19 A 1229 1223 0.18      
20 A 1146 1140 0.24      
21 A 1097 1091 0.85      
22 A 1039 1034 0.78      
23 A 989 983 0.10      
24 A 962 956 2.86      
25 A 947 942 1.89      
26 A 822 817 0.34      
27 A 748 744 1.08      
28 A 419 417 0.21      
29 A 380 378 28.08      
30 A 254 252 1.80      
31 A 227 225 0.36      
32 A 107 106 0.33      
33 A 59 58 0.08      

Unscaled Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 24854.3 cm-1
Scaled (by 0.9947) Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 24722.5 cm-1
See section III.C.1 List or set vibrational scaling factors to change the scale factors used here.
See section III.C.2 Calculate a vibrational scaling factor for a given set of molecules to determine the least squares best scaling factor.
Rotational Constants (cm-1) from geometry optimized at BLYP/6-31+G**
ABC
0.87562 0.11880 0.11176

See section I.F.4 to change rotational constant units
Geometric Data calculated at BLYP/6-31+G**

Point Group is C1

Cartesians (Å)
Atom x (Å) y (Å) z (Å)
C1 2.003 -0.043 -0.065
H2 2.109 -0.810 -0.856
H3 2.705 0.777 -0.288
H4 2.358 -0.524 0.874
C5 0.587 0.445 0.047
H6 0.411 1.491 0.324
C7 -0.575 -0.507 0.088
H8 -0.569 -1.073 1.050
H9 -0.443 -1.287 -0.691
C10 -1.956 0.170 -0.079
H11 -2.125 0.922 0.711
H12 -2.030 0.683 -1.052
H13 -2.773 -0.568 -0.019

Atom - Atom Distances (Å)
  C1 H2 H3 H4 C5 H6 C7 H8 H9 C10 H11 H12 H13
C11.10681.10211.11381.50122.24422.62342.98622.81413.96424.30904.21404.8043
H21.10681.78771.77092.16963.09362.86123.29752.60164.25324.83544.40424.9590
H31.10211.78771.77852.16972.47923.54233.99123.78564.70514.93424.79695.6469
H41.11381.77091.77852.18112.85523.03602.98263.29744.47164.71264.94095.2076
C51.50122.16962.16972.18111.09611.50312.15562.14592.56122.83252.84823.5101
H62.24423.09362.47922.85521.09612.24092.83923.07802.74062.62772.91603.8072
C72.62342.86123.54233.03601.50312.24091.11601.10931.54722.19852.19812.2014
H82.98623.29753.99122.98262.15562.83921.11601.75832.17752.55233.10382.5009
H92.81412.60163.78563.29742.14593.07801.10931.75832.18733.10962.55452.5287
C103.96424.25324.70514.47162.56122.74061.54722.17752.18731.10341.10271.1024
H114.30904.83544.93424.71262.83252.62772.19852.55233.10961.10341.78151.7813
H124.21404.40424.79694.94092.84822.91602.19813.10382.55451.10271.78151.7842
H134.80434.95905.64695.20763.51013.80722.20142.50092.52871.10241.78131.7842

picture of 2-Butyl radical state 1 conformation 1
More geometry information
Calculated Bond Angles
atom1 atom2 atom3 angle atom1 atom2 atom3 angle
C1 C5 H6 118.719 C1 C5 C7 121.664
H2 C1 H3 108.062 H2 C1 H4 105.785
H2 C1 C5 111.700 H3 C1 H4 106.759
H3 C1 C5 111.992 H4 C1 C5 112.191
C5 C7 H8 109.896 C5 C7 H9 109.526
C5 C7 C10 114.198 H6 C5 C7 118.268
C7 C10 H11 110.974 C7 C10 H12 110.988
C7 C10 H13 111.263 H8 C7 H9 104.397
H8 C7 C10 108.614 H9 C7 C10 109.751
H11 C10 H12 107.714 H11 C10 H13 107.721
H12 C10 H13 108.026
Electronic energy levels
Charges, Dipole, Quadrupole and Polarizability
Charges from optimized geometry at BLYP/6-31+G** Charges (e)
Number Element Mulliken CHELPG AIM ESP
1 C -0.650      
2 H 0.149      
3 H 0.150      
4 H 0.152      
5 C 0.134      
6 H 0.119      
7 C -0.210      
8 H 0.143      
9 H 0.137      
10 C -0.561      
11 H 0.146      
12 H 0.152      
13 H 0.140      


Electric dipole moments
Electric dipole components in Debye
(What's a Debye? See section VII.A.3)
  x y z Total
  0.073 -0.234 0.185 0.307
CHELPG        
AIM        
ESP        


Electric Quadrupole moment
Quadrupole components in D Å
Primitive
 xyz
x -28.300 0.209 -0.027
y 0.209 -28.260 0.435
z -0.027 0.435 -28.932
Traceless
 xyz
x 0.295 0.209 -0.027
y 0.209 0.357 0.435
z -0.027 0.435 -0.652
Polar
3z2-r2-1.304
x2-y2-0.041
xy0.209
xz-0.027
yz0.435


Polarizabilities
Components of the polarizability tensor.
Units are Å3 (Angstrom cubed)
Change units.
  x y z
x 0.000 0.000 0.000
y 0.000 0.000 0.000
z 0.000 0.000 0.000


<r2> (average value of r2) Å2
<r2> 119.320
(<r2>)1/2 10.923