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All results from a given calculation for CH3CHCH2CH3 (2-Butyl radical)

using model chemistry: B3LYP/6-31+G**

19 10 17 12 22

States and conformations

State Conformation minimum conformation conformer description state description
1 1 yes C1 1A
Energy calculated at B3LYP/6-31+G**
 hartrees
Energy at 0K-157.810765
Energy at 298.15K-157.819207
Nuclear repulsion energy121.739966
The energy at 298.15K was derived from the energy at 0K and an integrated heat capacity that used the calculated vibrational frequencies.
Vibrational Frequencies calculated at B3LYP/6-31+G**
Mode Number Symmetry Frequency
(cm-1)
Scaled Frequency
(cm-1)
IR Intensities
(km mol-1)
Raman Act
4/u)
Dep P Dep U
1 A 3164 3051 28.25      
2 A 3107 2996 34.87      
3 A 3101 2990 36.69      
4 A 3099 2988 27.97      
5 A 3035 2926 32.23      
6 A 3029 2921 36.16      
7 A 2997 2890 29.48      
8 A 2950 2845 49.87      
9 A 2923 2819 43.32      
10 A 1509 1455 4.82      
11 A 1503 1449 7.99      
12 A 1489 1436 7.10      
13 A 1478 1425 8.15      
14 A 1472 1419 0.54      
15 A 1421 1370 3.49      
16 A 1417 1366 2.00      
17 A 1405 1355 0.87      
18 A 1314 1267 7.12      
19 A 1268 1222 0.14      
20 A 1181 1139 0.26      
21 A 1131 1091 0.49      
22 A 1070 1031 0.96      
23 A 1028 991 0.15      
24 A 988 953 3.03      
25 A 974 939 1.56      
26 A 849 818 0.27      
27 A 768 741 0.98      
28 A 430 415 0.18      
29 A 379 365 28.31      
30 A 258 249 1.98      
31 A 235 227 0.52      
32 A 110 106 0.38      
33 A 60 58 0.07      

Unscaled Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 25570.4 cm-1
Scaled (by 0.9642) Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 24655.0 cm-1
See section III.C.1 List or set vibrational scaling factors to change the scale factors used here.
See section III.C.2 Calculate a vibrational scaling factor for a given set of molecules to determine the least squares best scaling factor.
Rotational Constants (cm-1) from geometry optimized at B3LYP/6-31+G**
ABC
0.88803 0.12056 0.11330

See section I.F.4 to change rotational constant units
Geometric Data calculated at B3LYP/6-31+G**

Point Group is C1

Cartesians (Å)
Atom x (Å) y (Å) z (Å)
C1 1.990 -0.044 -0.057
H2 2.100 -0.811 -0.836
H3 2.691 0.767 -0.279
H4 2.328 -0.513 0.884
C5 0.582 0.446 0.036
H6 0.404 1.487 0.299
C7 -0.571 -0.505 0.079
H8 -0.553 -1.074 1.029
H9 -0.444 -1.270 -0.704
C10 -1.942 0.168 -0.070
H11 -2.105 0.905 0.725
H12 -2.020 0.689 -1.030
H13 -2.753 -0.566 -0.016

Atom - Atom Distances (Å)
  C1 H2 H3 H4 C5 H6 C7 H8 H9 C10 H11 H12 H13
C11.09911.09481.10521.49312.23252.60532.95042.80123.93704.27554.19084.7716
H21.09911.77521.76062.15503.07362.83933.25322.58844.22824.80244.38904.9277
H31.09481.77521.76752.15662.46663.51963.95263.76324.67614.90234.77155.6112
H41.10521.76061.76752.16532.83653.00882.93873.28374.42804.65784.90125.1610
C51.49312.15502.15662.16531.08871.49522.14072.13202.54122.81192.82293.4856
H62.23253.07362.46662.83651.08872.22912.82933.05432.71662.61082.87783.7791
C72.60532.83933.51963.00881.49522.22911.10731.10171.53452.18202.18162.1853
H82.95043.25323.95262.93872.14072.82931.10731.74762.16302.53363.08282.4887
H92.80122.58843.76323.28372.13203.05431.10171.74762.17053.08712.53582.5099
C103.93704.22824.67614.42802.54122.71661.53452.16302.17051.09621.09561.0951
H114.27554.80244.90234.65782.81192.61082.18202.53363.08711.09621.76981.7697
H124.19084.38904.77154.90122.82292.87782.18163.08282.53581.09561.76981.7721
H134.77164.92775.61125.16103.48563.77912.18532.48872.50991.09511.76971.7721

picture of 2-Butyl radical state 1 conformation 1
More geometry information
Calculated Bond Angles
atom1 atom2 atom3 angle atom1 atom2 atom3 angle
C1 C5 H6 118.863 C1 C5 C7 121.342
H2 C1 H3 108.026 H2 C1 H4 106.018
H2 C1 C5 111.568 H3 C1 H4 106.915
H3 C1 C5 111.967 H4 C1 C5 112.023
C5 C7 H8 109.789 C5 C7 H9 109.435
C5 C7 C10 114.014 H6 C5 C7 118.387
C7 C10 H11 110.981 C7 C10 H12 110.986
C7 C10 H13 111.313 H8 C7 H9 104.579
H8 C7 C10 108.846 H9 C7 C10 109.752
H11 C10 H12 107.704 H11 C10 H13 107.720
H12 C10 H13 107.981
Electronic energy levels
Charges, Dipole, Quadrupole and Polarizability
Charges from optimized geometry at B3LYP/6-31+G** Charges (e)
Number Element Mulliken CHELPG AIM ESP
1 C -0.635     -0.339
2 H 0.150     0.096
3 H 0.151     0.107
4 H 0.153     0.101
5 C 0.104     -0.107
6 H 0.127     0.079
7 C -0.225     0.080
8 H 0.145     0.023
9 H 0.141     0.036
10 C -0.553     -0.288
11 H 0.146     0.078
12 H 0.153     0.062
13 H 0.143     0.072


Electric dipole moments
Electric dipole components in Debye
(What's a Debye? See section VII.A.3)
  x y z Total
  0.065 -0.209 0.187 0.288
CHELPG        
AIM        
ESP 0.084 -0.235 0.169 0.301


Electric Quadrupole moment
Quadrupole components in D Å
Primitive
 xyz
x -27.978 0.211 -0.014
y 0.211 -27.865 0.414
z -0.014 0.414 -28.570
Traceless
 xyz
x 0.240 0.211 -0.014
y 0.211 0.410 0.414
z -0.014 0.414 -0.649
Polar
3z2-r2-1.299
x2-y2-0.113
xy0.211
xz-0.014
yz0.414


Polarizabilities
Components of the polarizability tensor.
Units are Å3 (Angstrom cubed)
Change units.
  x y z
x 8.520 -0.056 0.015
y -0.056 7.038 -0.100
z 0.015 -0.100 6.390


<r2> (average value of r2) Å2
<r2> 117.657
(<r2>)1/2 10.847