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All results from a given calculation for C4H6O2 (γ–Butyrolactone)

using model chemistry: mPW1PW91/6-31+G**

19 10 17 12 22

States and conformations

State Conformation minimum conformation conformer description state description
1 1 yes C1 1A
Energy calculated at mPW1PW91/6-31+G**
 hartrees
Energy at 0K-306.438763
Energy at 298.15K 
HF Energy-306.438763
Nuclear repulsion energy241.172217
The energy at 298.15K was derived from the energy at 0K and an integrated heat capacity that used the calculated vibrational frequencies.
Vibrational Frequencies calculated at mPW1PW91/6-31+G**
Mode Number Symmetry Frequency
(cm-1)
Scaled Frequency
(cm-1)
IR Intensities
(km mol-1)
Raman Act
4/u)
Dep P Dep U
1 A 3179 3026 5.51      
2 A 3168 3016 21.45      
3 A 3159 3006 12.91      
4 A 3102 2952 20.76      
5 A 3093 2944 4.82      
6 A 3083 2934 39.92      
7 A 1894 1803 454.58      
8 A 1536 1462 1.06      
9 A 1508 1435 8.89      
10 A 1470 1399 10.02      
11 A 1411 1343 25.18      
12 A 1355 1290 2.01      
13 A 1318 1254 15.05      
14 A 1269 1208 13.04      
15 A 1233 1173 34.18      
16 A 1206 1147 4.46      
17 A 1203 1145 201.66      
18 A 1106 1053 24.87      
19 A 1092 1039 60.88      
20 A 1027 977 17.45      
21 A 954 908 4.01      
22 A 906 863 8.59      
23 A 890 847 12.68      
24 A 821 781 4.55      
25 A 689 656 4.75      
26 A 644 613 4.99      
27 A 535 510 3.39      
28 A 492 468 3.54      
29 A 208 198 2.36      
30 A 150 143 1.14      

Unscaled Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 21849.5 cm-1
Scaled (by 0.9518) Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 20796.3 cm-1
See section III.C.1 List or set vibrational scaling factors to change the scale factors used here.
See section III.C.2 Calculate a vibrational scaling factor for a given set of molecules to determine the least squares best scaling factor.
Rotational Constants (cm-1) from geometry optimized at mPW1PW91/6-31+G**
ABC
0.24461 0.11986 0.08562

See section I.F.4 to change rotational constant units
Geometric Data calculated at mPW1PW91/6-31+G**

Point Group is C1

Cartesians (Å)
Atom x (Å) y (Å) z (Å)
C1 0.882 -0.003 0.003
C2 -0.026 1.202 0.167
C3 -1.400 0.666 -0.218
C4 -1.263 -0.817 0.129
O5 0.126 -1.127 -0.047
O6 2.080 -0.029 -0.070
H7 0.337 2.032 -0.439
H8 0.020 1.512 1.216
H9 -1.570 0.788 -1.291
H10 -2.227 1.141 0.313
H11 -1.834 -1.482 -0.520
H12 -1.530 -1.023 1.171

Atom - Atom Distances (Å)
  C1 C2 C3 C4 O5 O6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11 H12
C11.51772.38812.29821.35611.20082.15212.12402.88303.32693.13632.8681
C21.51771.52422.36872.34442.45131.08971.09562.16342.20653.30802.8680
C32.38811.52421.52952.36083.55212.22132.18831.09341.09122.21182.1909
C42.29822.36871.52951.43433.44093.31732.87312.16532.19001.09021.0952
O51.35612.34442.36081.43432.24183.19062.92852.84463.28782.04682.0590
O61.20082.45133.55213.44092.24182.72442.87683.93514.47954.19913.9452
H72.15211.08972.22133.31733.19062.72441.76402.43172.81704.13133.9264
H82.12401.09562.18832.87312.92852.87681.76403.05602.44983.92612.9721
H92.88302.16341.09342.16532.84463.93512.43173.05601.76862.41153.0570
H103.32692.20651.09122.19003.28784.47952.81702.44981.76862.77942.4301
H113.13633.30802.21181.09022.04684.19914.13133.92612.41152.77941.7783
H122.86812.86802.19091.09522.05903.94523.92642.97213.05702.43011.7783

picture of γ–Butyrolactone state 1 conformation 1
More geometry information
Calculated Bond Angles
atom1 atom2 atom3 angle atom1 atom2 atom3 angle
C1 C2 C3 103.459 C1 C2 H7 110.176
C1 C2 H8 107.641 C1 O5 C4 110.864
C2 C1 O5 109.201 C2 C1 O6 128.398
C2 C3 C4 101.736 C2 C3 H9 110.401
C2 C3 H10 114.034 C3 C2 H7 115.376
C3 C2 H8 112.267 C3 C4 O5 105.559
C3 C4 H11 114.145 C3 C4 H12 112.120
C4 C3 H9 110.175 C4 C3 H10 112.293
O5 C1 O6 122.399 O5 C4 H11 107.566
O5 C4 H12 108.229 H7 C2 H8 107.648
H9 C3 H10 108.110 H11 C4 H12 108.925
Electronic energy levels
Charges, Dipole, Quadrupole and Polarizability
Charges from optimized geometry at mPW1PW91/6-31+G** Charges (e)
Number Element Mulliken CHELPG AIM ESP
1 C 0.316      
2 C -0.234      
3 C -0.351      
4 C -0.130      
5 O -0.280      
6 O -0.459      
7 H 0.209      
8 H 0.210      
9 H 0.192      
10 H 0.182      
11 H 0.175      
12 H 0.171      


Electric dipole moments
Electric dipole components in Debye
(What's a Debye? See section VII.A.3)
  x y z Total
  -4.659 1.645 0.434 4.960
CHELPG        
AIM        
ESP        


Electric Quadrupole moment
Quadrupole components in D Å
Primitive
 xyz
x -41.003 1.901 0.277
y 1.901 -35.380 -0.123
z 0.277 -0.123 -33.568
Traceless
 xyz
x -6.530 1.901 0.277
y 1.901 1.906 -0.123
z 0.277 -0.123 4.624
Polar
3z2-r29.247
x2-y2-5.624
xy1.901
xz0.277
yz-0.123


Polarizabilities
Components of the polarizability tensor.
Units are Å3 (Angstrom cubed)
Change units.
  x y z
x 8.826 0.368 -0.095
y 0.368 7.190 0.033
z -0.095 0.033 5.892


<r2> (average value of r2) Å2
<r2> 139.671
(<r2>)1/2 11.818