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All results from a given calculation for C4H6O2 (γ–Butyrolactone)

using model chemistry: M06-2X/6-31+G**

19 10 17 12 22

States and conformations

State Conformation minimum conformation conformer description state description
1 1 yes C1 1A
Energy calculated at M06-2X/6-31+G**
 hartrees
Energy at 0K-306.376988
Energy at 298.15K 
HF Energy-306.376988
Nuclear repulsion energy241.141835
The energy at 298.15K was derived from the energy at 0K and an integrated heat capacity that used the calculated vibrational frequencies.
Vibrational Frequencies calculated at M06-2X/6-31+G**
Mode Number Symmetry Frequency
(cm-1)
Scaled Frequency
(cm-1)
IR Intensities
(km mol-1)
Raman Act
4/u)
Dep P Dep U
1 A 3175 3023 12.29      
2 A 3170 3018 13.29      
3 A 3162 3011 10.78      
4 A 3102 2954 19.70      
5 A 3096 2948 4.40      
6 A 3088 2940 36.32      
7 A 1921 1829 476.75      
8 A 1539 1465 1.05      
9 A 1508 1436 8.50      
10 A 1469 1399 10.16      
11 A 1413 1345 31.52      
12 A 1352 1287 3.08      
13 A 1315 1252 21.07      
14 A 1269 1208 21.52      
15 A 1230 1172 71.52      
16 A 1210 1152 167.92      
17 A 1203 1145 3.26      
18 A 1115 1062 77.96      
19 A 1099 1046 12.00      
20 A 1025 976 11.23      
21 A 952 906 3.65      
22 A 907 864 11.49      
23 A 890 848 9.89      
24 A 823 783 4.75      
25 A 691 658 6.03      
26 A 641 610 4.54      
27 A 531 505 4.07      
28 A 495 471 4.09      
29 A 212 202 2.62      
30 A 149 142 0.80      

Unscaled Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 21875.3 cm-1
Scaled (by 0.9522) Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 20829.6 cm-1
See section III.C.1 List or set vibrational scaling factors to change the scale factors used here.
See section III.C.2 Calculate a vibrational scaling factor for a given set of molecules to determine the least squares best scaling factor.
Rotational Constants (cm-1) from geometry optimized at M06-2X/6-31+G**
ABC
0.24400 0.11994 0.08572

See section I.F.4 to change rotational constant units
Geometric Data calculated at M06-2X/6-31+G**

Point Group is C1

Cartesians (Å)
Atom x (Å) y (Å) z (Å)
C1 0.882 -0.004 0.003
C2 -0.027 1.204 0.173
C3 -1.398 0.666 -0.228
C4 -1.263 -0.817 0.136
O5 0.124 -1.128 -0.051
O6 2.078 -0.030 -0.071
H7 0.344 2.038 -0.424
H8 0.008 1.499 1.228
H9 -1.550 0.775 -1.305
H10 -2.231 1.145 0.289
H11 -1.841 -1.486 -0.502
H12 -1.520 -1.006 1.184

Atom - Atom Distances (Å)
  C1 C2 C3 C4 O5 O6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11 H12
C11.52142.38802.29791.35661.19832.15422.12662.86963.33123.14142.8584
C21.52141.52702.36952.34762.45181.09001.09592.16562.20853.31452.8527
C32.38801.52701.53272.35933.54852.22592.18891.09381.09122.21412.1916
C42.29792.36951.53271.43393.43873.32312.85862.16672.19351.09041.0958
O51.35662.34762.35931.43392.24133.19482.92382.82803.29112.04802.0603
O61.19832.45183.54853.43872.24132.72122.88233.91554.48114.20313.9341
H72.15421.09002.22593.32313.19482.72121.76952.44052.81694.14693.9145
H82.12661.09592.18892.85862.92382.88231.76953.06092.45433.91452.9347
H92.86962.16561.09382.16672.82803.91552.44053.06091.77272.41753.0613
H103.33122.20851.09122.19353.29114.48112.81692.45431.77272.77522.4362
H113.14143.31452.21411.09042.04804.20314.14693.91452.41752.77521.7822
H122.85842.85272.19161.09582.06033.93413.91452.93473.06132.43621.7822

picture of γ–Butyrolactone state 1 conformation 1
More geometry information
Calculated Bond Angles
atom1 atom2 atom3 angle atom1 atom2 atom3 angle
C1 C2 C3 103.140 C1 C2 H7 110.068
C1 C2 H8 107.572 C1 O5 C4 110.837
C2 C1 O5 109.181 C2 C1 O6 128.312
C2 C3 C4 101.509 C2 C3 H9 110.352
C2 C3 H10 113.999 C3 C2 H7 115.535
C3 C2 H8 112.091 C3 C4 O5 105.321
C3 C4 H11 114.093 C3 C4 H12 111.909
C4 C3 H9 110.044 C4 C3 H10 112.343
O5 C1 O6 122.507 O5 C4 H11 107.678
O5 C4 H12 108.329 H7 C2 H8 108.103
H9 C3 H10 108.457 H11 C4 H12 109.215
Electronic energy levels
Charges, Dipole, Quadrupole and Polarizability
Charges from optimized geometry at M06-2X/6-31+G** Charges (e)
Number Element Mulliken CHELPG AIM ESP
1 C 0.423      
2 C -0.289      
3 C -0.354      
4 C -0.088      
5 O -0.335      
6 O -0.461      
7 H 0.203      
8 H 0.204      
9 H 0.184      
10 H 0.176      
11 H 0.170      
12 H 0.165      


Electric dipole moments
Electric dipole components in Debye
(What's a Debye? See section VII.A.3)
  x y z Total
  -4.616 1.679 0.450 4.933
CHELPG        
AIM        
ESP        


Electric Quadrupole moment
Quadrupole components in D Å
Primitive
 xyz
x -41.118 1.916 0.280
y 1.916 -35.708 -0.143
z 0.280 -0.143 -33.851
Traceless
 xyz
x -6.339 1.916 0.280
y 1.916 1.777 -0.143
z 0.280 -0.143 4.562
Polar
3z2-r29.123
x2-y2-5.411
xy1.916
xz0.280
yz-0.143


Polarizabilities
Components of the polarizability tensor.
Units are Å3 (Angstrom cubed)
Change units.
  x y z
x 8.767 0.379 -0.095
y 0.379 7.114 0.035
z -0.095 0.035 5.951


<r2> (average value of r2) Å2
<r2> 139.756
(<r2>)1/2 11.822