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All results from a given calculation for CH3CHCH2CH3 (2-Butyl radical)

using model chemistry: B3PW91/cc-pVDZ

19 10 17 12 22

States and conformations

State Conformation minimum conformation conformer description state description
1 1 yes C1 1A
Energy calculated at B3PW91/cc-pVDZ
 hartrees
Energy at 0K-157.742148
Energy at 298.15K-157.750636
Nuclear repulsion energy121.818785
The energy at 298.15K was derived from the energy at 0K and an integrated heat capacity that used the calculated vibrational frequencies.
Vibrational Frequencies calculated at B3PW91/cc-pVDZ
Mode Number Symmetry Frequency
(cm-1)
Scaled Frequency
(cm-1)
IR Intensities
(km mol-1)
Raman Act
4/u)
Dep P Dep U
1 A 3162 3051 26.81      
2 A 3128 3018 26.47      
3 A 3121 3012 30.37      
4 A 3116 3007 17.26      
5 A 3052 2945 26.29      
6 A 3041 2934 30.36      
7 A 3017 2911 26.71      
8 A 2962 2858 43.36      
9 A 2934 2831 38.58      
10 A 1475 1424 3.45      
11 A 1466 1415 6.70      
12 A 1454 1403 6.32      
13 A 1444 1394 5.84      
14 A 1437 1386 0.44      
15 A 1412 1363 1.02      
16 A 1392 1343 2.78      
17 A 1375 1327 1.33      
18 A 1292 1247 8.04      
19 A 1255 1211 0.05      
20 A 1177 1136 0.41      
21 A 1140 1100 0.31      
22 A 1061 1024 0.40      
23 A 1045 1008 0.76      
24 A 977 943 4.07      
25 A 956 922 2.28      
26 A 855 825 0.22      
27 A 763 736 1.70      
28 A 429 414 0.21      
29 A 403 389 18.85      
30 A 259 250 1.05      
31 A 241 232 0.04      
32 A 111 107 0.06      
33 A 65 63 0.04      

Unscaled Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 25506.6 cm-1
Scaled (by 0.965) Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 24613.9 cm-1
See section III.C.1 List or set vibrational scaling factors to change the scale factors used here.
See section III.C.2 Calculate a vibrational scaling factor for a given set of molecules to determine the least squares best scaling factor.
Rotational Constants (cm-1) from geometry optimized at B3PW91/cc-pVDZ
ABC
0.88229 0.12125 0.11405

See section I.F.4 to change rotational constant units
Geometric Data calculated at B3PW91/cc-pVDZ

Point Group is C1

Cartesians (Å)
Atom x (Å) y (Å) z (Å)
C1 1.982 -0.043 -0.066
H2 2.077 -0.851 -0.814
H3 2.679 0.762 -0.344
H4 2.352 -0.468 0.891
C5 0.580 0.443 0.042
H6 0.406 1.482 0.345
C7 -0.572 -0.503 0.091
H8 -0.561 -1.059 1.056
H9 -0.437 -1.288 -0.679
C10 -1.932 0.167 -0.081
H11 -2.106 0.920 0.706
H12 -2.001 0.683 -1.052
H13 -2.753 -0.565 -0.027

Atom - Atom Distances (Å)
  C1 H2 H3 H4 C5 H6 C7 H8 H9 C10 H11 H12 H13
C11.10461.10111.11141.48782.23082.59932.95972.78813.91984.27004.16624.7635
H21.10461.78481.76922.15603.09452.82063.24062.55514.20124.78994.36304.9020
H31.10111.78481.77422.15832.48153.51553.97243.74494.65724.90154.73375.6008
H41.11141.76921.77422.16612.80813.03132.97723.30374.43884.67244.90365.1877
C51.48782.15602.15832.16611.09611.49112.14192.13282.53022.80732.81303.4824
H62.23083.09452.48152.80811.09612.22762.81083.07112.71662.59972.89593.7829
C72.59932.82063.51553.03131.49112.22761.11371.10771.52662.18102.18062.1854
H82.95973.24063.97242.97722.14192.81081.11371.75442.16242.53473.09032.4942
H92.78812.55513.74493.30372.13283.07111.10771.75442.17073.09482.54292.5123
C103.91984.20124.65724.43882.53022.71661.52662.16242.17071.10241.10181.1010
H114.27004.78994.90154.67242.80732.59972.18102.53473.09481.10241.77751.7779
H124.16624.36304.73374.90362.81302.89592.18063.09032.54291.10181.77751.7810
H134.76354.90205.60085.18773.48243.78292.18542.49422.51231.10101.77791.7810

picture of 2-Butyl radical state 1 conformation 1
More geometry information
Calculated Bond Angles
atom1 atom2 atom3 angle atom1 atom2 atom3 angle
C1 C5 H6 118.609 C1 C5 C7 121.510
H2 C1 H3 108.033 H2 C1 H4 105.955
H2 C1 C5 111.690 H3 C1 H4 106.630
H3 C1 C5 112.096 H4 C1 C5 112.085
C5 C7 H8 109.778 C5 C7 H9 109.423
C5 C7 C10 113.943 H6 C5 C7 118.056
C7 C10 H11 111.085 C7 C10 H12 111.085
C7 C10 H13 111.517 H8 C7 H9 104.329
H8 C7 C10 108.966 H9 C7 C10 109.961
H11 C10 H12 107.490 H11 C10 H13 107.582
H12 C10 H13 107.898
Electronic energy levels
Charges, Dipole, Quadrupole and Polarizability
Charges from optimized geometry at B3PW91/cc-pVDZ Charges (e)
Number Element Mulliken CHELPG AIM ESP
1 C -0.047      
2 H 0.044      
3 H 0.047      
4 H 0.050      
5 C -0.168      
6 H 0.020      
7 C -0.067      
8 H 0.043      
9 H 0.037      
10 C -0.084      
11 H 0.043      
12 H 0.046      
13 H 0.036      


Electric dipole moments
Electric dipole components in Debye
(What's a Debye? See section VII.A.3)
  x y z Total
  0.069 -0.172 0.163 0.247
CHELPG        
AIM        
ESP        


Electric Quadrupole moment
Quadrupole components in D Å
Primitive
 xyz
x -27.188 0.169 -0.034
y 0.169 -27.036 0.342
z -0.034 0.342 -27.744
Traceless
 xyz
x 0.202 0.169 -0.034
y 0.169 0.430 0.342
z -0.034 0.342 -0.632
Polar
3z2-r2-1.265
x2-y2-0.152
xy0.169
xz-0.034
yz0.342


Polarizabilities
Components of the polarizability tensor.
Units are Å3 (Angstrom cubed)
Change units.
  x y z
x 0.000 0.000 0.000
y 0.000 0.000 0.000
z 0.000 0.000 0.000


<r2> (average value of r2) Å2
<r2> 116.731
(<r2>)1/2 10.804