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All results from a given calculation for C4H8 (cyclobutane)

using model chemistry: B3PW91/3-21G*

19 10 17 12 22

States and conformations

State Conformation minimum conformation conformer description state description
1 1 yes D2D 1A1
Energy calculated at B3PW91/3-21G*
 hartrees
Energy at 0K-156.308233
Energy at 298.15K-156.317330
HF Energy-156.308233
Nuclear repulsion energy125.843131
The energy at 298.15K was derived from the energy at 0K and an integrated heat capacity that used the calculated vibrational frequencies.
Vibrational Frequencies calculated at B3PW91/3-21G*
Mode Number Symmetry Frequency
(cm-1)
Scaled Frequency
(cm-1)
IR Intensities
(km mol-1)
Raman Act
4/u)
Dep P Dep U
1 A1 3139 3012 0.00      
2 A1 3100 2974 0.00      
3 A1 1556 1493 0.00      
4 A1 1173 1125 0.00      
5 A1 1000 960 0.00      
6 A1 185 177 0.00      
7 A2 1288 1236 0.00      
8 A2 1013 972 0.00      
9 B1 1283 1231 0.00      
10 B1 1179 1131 0.00      
11 B1 934 896 0.00      
12 B2 3173 3044 64.22      
13 B2 3091 2966 6.85      
14 B2 1528 1466 5.35      
15 B2 898 862 0.40      
16 B2 646 619 5.28      
17 E 3154 3026 11.25      
17 E 3154 3026 11.25      
18 E 3092 2967 57.41      
18 E 3092 2967 57.41      
19 E 1521 1459 4.12      
19 E 1521 1459 4.12      
20 E 1307 1254 4.27      
20 E 1307 1254 4.27      
21 E 1261 1210 3.44      
21 E 1261 1210 3.44      
22 E 901 865 4.11      
22 E 901 865 4.11      
23 E 758 727 0.44      
23 E 758 727 0.44      

Unscaled Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 24586.7 cm-1
Scaled (by 0.9594) Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 23588.5 cm-1
See section III.C.1 List or set vibrational scaling factors to change the scale factors used here.
See section III.C.2 Calculate a vibrational scaling factor for a given set of molecules to determine the least squares best scaling factor.
Rotational Constants (cm-1) from geometry optimized at B3PW91/3-21G*
ABC
0.35006 0.35006 0.20673

See section I.F.4 to change rotational constant units
Geometric Data calculated at B3PW91/3-21G*

Point Group is D2d

Cartesians (Å)
Atom x (Å) y (Å) z (Å)
C1 0.000 1.097 0.122
C2 0.000 -1.097 0.122
C3 -1.097 0.000 -0.122
C4 1.097 0.000 -0.122
H5 0.000 1.427 1.165
H6 0.000 1.963 -0.545
H7 0.000 -1.427 1.165
H8 0.000 -1.963 -0.545
H9 -1.427 0.000 -1.165
H10 -1.963 0.000 0.545
H11 1.427 0.000 -1.165
H12 1.963 0.000 0.545

Atom - Atom Distances (Å)
  C1 C2 C3 C4 H5 H6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11 H12
C12.19471.57091.57091.09461.09252.73203.13192.21332.28822.21332.2882
C22.19471.57091.57092.73203.13191.09461.09252.21332.28822.21332.2882
C31.57091.57092.19472.21332.28822.21332.28821.09461.09252.73203.1319
C41.57091.57092.19472.21332.28822.21332.28822.73203.13191.09461.0925
H51.09462.73202.21332.21331.79232.85493.79723.08352.50503.08352.5050
H61.09253.13192.28822.28821.79233.79723.92552.50502.98212.50502.9821
H72.73201.09462.21332.21332.85493.79721.79233.08352.50503.08352.5050
H83.13191.09252.28822.28823.79723.92551.79232.50502.98212.50502.9821
H92.21332.21331.09462.73203.08352.50503.08352.50501.79232.85493.7972
H102.28822.28821.09253.13192.50502.98212.50502.98211.79233.79723.9255
H112.21332.21332.73201.09463.08352.50503.08352.50502.85493.79721.7923
H122.28822.28823.13191.09252.50502.98212.50502.98213.79723.92551.7923

picture of cyclobutane state 1 conformation 1
More geometry information
Calculated Bond Angles
atom1 atom2 atom3 angle atom1 atom2 atom3 angle
C1 C3 C2 88.622 C1 C3 H9 111.011
C1 C3 H10 117.301 C1 C4 C2 88.622
C1 C4 H11 111.011 C1 C4 H12 117.301
C2 C3 H9 111.011 C2 C3 H10 117.301
C2 C4 H11 111.011 C2 C4 H12 117.301
C3 C1 C4 88.622 C3 C1 H5 111.011
C3 C1 H6 117.301 C3 C2 C4 88.622
C3 C2 H7 111.011 C3 C2 H8 117.301
C4 C1 H5 111.011 C4 C1 H6 117.301
C4 C2 H7 111.011 C4 C2 H8 117.301
H5 C1 H6 110.063 H7 C2 H8 110.063
H9 C3 H10 110.063 H11 C4 H12 110.063
Electronic energy levels

Electronic state

Charges, Dipole, Quadrupole and Polarizability
Charges from optimized geometry at B3PW91/3-21G* Charges (e)
Number Element Mulliken CHELPG AIM ESP
1 C -0.424      
2 C -0.424      
3 C -0.424      
4 C -0.424      
5 H 0.218      
6 H 0.206      
7 H 0.218      
8 H 0.206      
9 H 0.218      
10 H 0.206      
11 H 0.218      
12 H 0.206      


Electric dipole moments
Electric dipole components in Debye
(What's a Debye? See section VII.A.3)
  x y z Total
  0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
CHELPG        
AIM        
ESP        


Electric Quadrupole moment
Quadrupole components in D Å
Primitive
 xyz
x -26.874 0.000 0.000
y 0.000 -26.874 0.000
z 0.000 0.000 -25.570
Traceless
 xyz
x -0.652 0.000 0.000
y 0.000 -0.652 0.000
z 0.000 0.000 1.304
Polar
3z2-r22.608
x2-y20.000
xy0.000
xz0.000
yz0.000


Polarizabilities
Components of the polarizability tensor.
Units are Å3 (Angstrom cubed)
Change units.
  x y z
x 5.816 0.000 0.000
y 0.000 5.816 0.000
z 0.000 0.000 5.460


<r2> (average value of r2) Å2
<r2> 75.950
(<r2>)1/2 8.715