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All results from a given calculation for C4H6O2 (γ–Butyrolactone)

using model chemistry: PBE1PBE/3-21G*

19 10 17 12 22

States and conformations

State Conformation minimum conformation conformer description state description
1 1 yes C1 1A
Energy calculated at PBE1PBE/3-21G*
 hartrees
Energy at 0K-304.465845
Energy at 298.15K 
HF Energy-304.465845
Nuclear repulsion energy238.480580
The energy at 298.15K was derived from the energy at 0K and an integrated heat capacity that used the calculated vibrational frequencies.
Vibrational Frequencies calculated at PBE1PBE/3-21G*
Mode Number Symmetry Frequency
(cm-1)
Scaled Frequency
(cm-1)
IR Intensities
(km mol-1)
Raman Act
4/u)
Dep P Dep U
1 A 3190 3061 6.16      
2 A 3182 3054 12.89      
3 A 3174 3046 8.22      
4 A 3114 2989 12.65      
5 A 3092 2968 15.00      
6 A 3091 2967 19.65      
7 A 1872 1796 284.57      
8 A 1566 1503 1.01      
9 A 1538 1476 9.55      
10 A 1507 1447 14.63      
11 A 1393 1337 1.72      
12 A 1382 1326 1.25      
13 A 1341 1287 8.36      
14 A 1285 1233 7.00      
15 A 1241 1191 4.56      
16 A 1203 1154 3.09      
17 A 1144 1098 187.17      
18 A 1117 1072 39.68      
19 A 1053 1010 24.37      
20 A 1009 969 49.23      
21 A 945 907 2.54      
22 A 913 876 13.24      
23 A 891 855 17.40      
24 A 794 762 5.93      
25 A 683 656 6.46      
26 A 637 611 3.77      
27 A 532 510 1.94      
28 A 479 460 2.62      
29 A 218 209 3.72      
30 A 151 145 0.12      

Unscaled Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 21867.0 cm-1
Scaled (by 0.9598) Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 20988.0 cm-1
See section III.C.1 List or set vibrational scaling factors to change the scale factors used here.
See section III.C.2 Calculate a vibrational scaling factor for a given set of molecules to determine the least squares best scaling factor.
Rotational Constants (cm-1) from geometry optimized at PBE1PBE/3-21G*
ABC
0.23951 0.11689 0.08393

See section I.F.4 to change rotational constant units
Geometric Data calculated at PBE1PBE/3-21G*

Point Group is C1

Cartesians (Å)
Atom x (Å) y (Å) z (Å)
C1 0.897 0.004 0.005
C2 -0.029 1.206 0.192
C3 -1.396 0.674 -0.253
C4 -1.296 -0.812 0.142
O5 0.122 -1.153 -0.045
O6 2.106 -0.030 -0.079
H7 0.339 2.059 -0.380
H8 -0.035 1.469 1.259
H9 -1.493 0.762 -1.340
H10 -2.241 1.173 0.228
H11 -1.885 -1.477 -0.490
H12 -1.560 -0.960 1.195

Atom - Atom Distances (Å)
  C1 C2 C3 C4 O5 O6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11 H12
C11.52982.40342.34421.39291.21222.16412.14252.84513.35593.18972.8952
C21.52981.53302.38332.37562.48251.09101.09852.16512.21163.33252.8355
C32.40341.53301.54072.38443.57672.22422.18421.09501.09192.21822.1896
C42.34422.38331.54071.47073.49803.34502.83542.17072.19951.09021.0955
O51.39292.37562.38441.47072.27973.23632.93212.81943.32622.08082.0984
O61.21222.48253.57673.49802.27972.75242.93663.89454.52044.26443.9908
H72.16411.09102.22423.34503.23632.75241.78142.44182.79464.17833.8988
H82.14251.09852.18422.83542.93212.93661.78143.06282.45263.89332.8685
H92.84512.16511.09502.17072.81943.89452.44183.06281.78502.42603.0655
H103.35592.21161.09192.19953.32624.52042.79462.45261.78502.76822.4391
H113.18973.33252.21821.09022.08084.26444.17833.89332.42602.76821.7929
H122.89522.83552.18961.09552.09843.99083.89882.86853.06552.43911.7929

picture of γ–Butyrolactone state 1 conformation 1
More geometry information
Calculated Bond Angles
atom1 atom2 atom3 angle atom1 atom2 atom3 angle
C1 C2 C3 103.387 C1 C2 H7 110.203
C1 C2 H8 108.080 C1 O5 C4 109.866
C2 C1 O5 108.654 C2 C1 O6 129.378
C2 C3 C4 101.675 C2 C3 H9 109.822
C2 C3 H10 113.757 C3 C2 H7 114.863
C3 C2 H8 111.126 C3 C4 O5 104.681
C3 C4 H11 113.844 C3 C4 H12 111.194
C4 C3 H9 109.727 C4 C3 H10 112.200
O5 C1 O6 121.963 O5 C4 H11 107.758
O5 C4 H12 108.830 H7 C2 H8 108.900
H9 C3 H10 109.420 H11 C4 H12 110.228
Electronic energy levels
Charges, Dipole, Quadrupole and Polarizability
Charges from optimized geometry at PBE1PBE/3-21G* Charges (e)
Number Element Mulliken CHELPG AIM ESP
1 C 0.694      
2 C -0.564      
3 C -0.492      
4 C -0.186      
5 O -0.497      
6 O -0.479      
7 H 0.270      
8 H 0.271      
9 H 0.253      
10 H 0.241      
11 H 0.251      
12 H 0.238      


Electric dipole moments
Electric dipole components in Debye
(What's a Debye? See section VII.A.3)
  x y z Total
  -4.247 1.763 0.467 4.622
CHELPG        
AIM        
ESP        


Electric Quadrupole moment
Quadrupole components in D Å
Primitive
 xyz
x -39.568 2.068 0.264
y 2.068 -35.538 -0.078
z 0.264 -0.078 -33.387
Traceless
 xyz
x -5.105 2.068 0.264
y 2.068 0.939 -0.078
z 0.264 -0.078 4.166
Polar
3z2-r28.332
x2-y2-4.030
xy2.068
xz0.264
yz-0.078


Polarizabilities
Components of the polarizability tensor.
Units are Å3 (Angstrom cubed)
Change units.
  x y z
x 7.497 0.503 -0.141
y 0.503 5.746 0.037
z -0.141 0.037 4.801


<r2> (average value of r2) Å2
<r2> 141.696
(<r2>)1/2 11.904