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All results from a given calculation for CH3CHCH2CH3 (2-Butyl radical)

using model chemistry: B3LYP/6-31G

19 10 17 12 22

States and conformations

State Conformation minimum conformation conformer description state description
1 1 yes C1 1A
Energy calculated at B3LYP/6-31G
 hartrees
Energy at 0K-157.755540
Energy at 298.15K-157.764030
Nuclear repulsion energy121.508361
The energy at 298.15K was derived from the energy at 0K and an integrated heat capacity that used the calculated vibrational frequencies.
Vibrational Frequencies calculated at B3LYP/6-31G
Mode Number Symmetry Frequency
(cm-1)
Scaled Frequency
(cm-1)
IR Intensities
(km mol-1)
Raman Act
4/u)
Dep P Dep U
1 A 3172 3052 34.40      
2 A 3121 3002 38.25      
3 A 3113 2995 43.61      
4 A 3106 2988 28.37      
5 A 3041 2926 30.83      
6 A 3035 2920 40.38      
7 A 2999 2885 30.82      
8 A 2955 2843 51.27      
9 A 2925 2813 42.35      
10 A 1550 1491 4.87      
11 A 1543 1485 6.85      
12 A 1534 1476 5.62      
13 A 1521 1463 2.55      
14 A 1520 1462 6.37      
15 A 1459 1404 5.15      
16 A 1457 1402 2.52      
17 A 1428 1374 0.21      
18 A 1354 1302 6.65      
19 A 1296 1247 0.07      
20 A 1210 1164 0.53      
21 A 1155 1111 0.37      
22 A 1104 1062 0.52      
23 A 1041 1002 0.91      
24 A 1019 981 4.01      
25 A 1012 973 3.36      
26 A 860 828 0.26      
27 A 797 767 1.97      
28 A 438 422 0.20      
29 A 386 372 23.09      
30 A 265 255 1.52      
31 A 233 224 0.17      
32 A 100 96 0.22      
33 A 57 55 0.06      

Unscaled Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 25903.0 cm-1
Scaled (by 0.962) Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 24918.7 cm-1
See section III.C.1 List or set vibrational scaling factors to change the scale factors used here.
See section III.C.2 Calculate a vibrational scaling factor for a given set of molecules to determine the least squares best scaling factor.
Rotational Constants (cm-1) from geometry optimized at B3LYP/6-31G
ABC
0.88023 0.12015 0.11294

See section I.F.4 to change rotational constant units
Geometric Data calculated at B3LYP/6-31G

Point Group is C1

Cartesians (Å)
Atom x (Å) y (Å) z (Å)
C1 1.993 -0.042 -0.064
H2 2.093 -0.809 -0.846
H3 2.688 0.772 -0.298
H4 2.353 -0.511 0.871
C5 0.583 0.443 0.052
H6 0.402 1.486 0.311
C7 -0.573 -0.511 0.086
H8 -0.570 -1.081 1.037
H9 -0.444 -1.275 -0.699
C10 -1.943 0.171 -0.077
H11 -2.110 0.909 0.717
H12 -2.007 0.695 -1.038
H13 -2.760 -0.558 -0.033

Atom - Atom Distances (Å)
  C1 H2 H3 H4 C5 H6 C7 H8 H9 C10 H11 H12 H13
C11.10021.09571.10631.49592.23712.61342.97712.80423.94244.28344.18244.7811
H21.10021.77581.76242.15773.07622.84073.27332.58394.22464.80224.37154.9272
H31.09571.77581.76832.15962.47123.52603.97943.76344.67584.90614.75375.6145
H41.10631.76241.76832.17152.84703.02982.98283.29704.45234.68564.91005.1923
C51.49592.15772.15962.17151.08911.49942.15052.13792.54412.81232.82093.4905
H62.23713.07622.47122.84701.08912.23332.83923.05892.71642.60872.87203.7806
C72.61342.84073.52603.02981.49942.23331.10871.10311.53922.18532.18472.1902
H82.97713.27333.97942.98282.15052.83921.10871.75062.16712.53693.08632.4926
H92.80422.58393.76343.29702.13793.05891.10311.75062.17443.09082.53792.5142
C103.94244.22464.67584.45232.54412.71641.53922.16712.17441.09711.09621.0958
H114.28344.80224.90614.68562.81232.60872.18532.53693.09081.09711.77151.7720
H124.18244.37154.75374.91002.82092.87202.18473.08632.53791.09621.77151.7741
H134.78114.92725.61455.19233.49053.78062.19022.49262.51421.09581.77201.7741

picture of 2-Butyl radical state 1 conformation 1
More geometry information
Calculated Bond Angles
atom1 atom2 atom3 angle atom1 atom2 atom3 angle
C1 C5 H6 119.022 C1 C5 C7 121.494
H2 C1 H3 107.934 H2 C1 H4 106.009
H2 C1 C5 111.520 H3 C1 H4 106.833
H3 C1 C5 111.950 H4 C1 C5 112.259
C5 C7 H8 110.178 C5 C7 H9 109.520
C5 C7 C10 113.694 H6 C5 C7 118.394
C7 C10 H11 110.865 C7 C10 H12 110.869
C7 C10 H13 111.338 H8 C7 H9 104.644
H8 C7 C10 108.762 H9 C7 C10 109.648
H11 C10 H12 107.740 H11 C10 H13 107.815
H12 C10 H13 108.068
Electronic energy levels
Charges, Dipole, Quadrupole and Polarizability
Charges from optimized geometry at B3LYP/6-31G Charges (e)
Number Element Mulliken CHELPG AIM ESP
1 C -0.454      
2 H 0.139      
3 H 0.140      
4 H 0.140      
5 C -0.058      
6 H 0.112      
7 C -0.275      
8 H 0.132      
9 H 0.131      
10 C -0.407      
11 H 0.133      
12 H 0.138      
13 H 0.129      


Electric dipole moments
Electric dipole components in Debye
(What's a Debye? See section VII.A.3)
  x y z Total
  0.068 -0.136 0.138 0.205
CHELPG        
AIM        
ESP        


Electric Quadrupole moment
Quadrupole components in D Å
Primitive
 xyz
x -27.144 0.114 -0.033
y 0.114 -27.069 0.294
z -0.033 0.294 -27.891
Traceless
 xyz
x 0.336 0.114 -0.033
y 0.114 0.448 0.294
z -0.033 0.294 -0.785
Polar
3z2-r2-1.569
x2-y2-0.075
xy0.114
xz-0.033
yz0.294


Polarizabilities
Components of the polarizability tensor.
Units are Å3 (Angstrom cubed)
Change units.
  x y z
x 7.377 0.042 -0.045
y 0.042 6.139 0.067
z -0.045 0.067 5.268


<r2> (average value of r2) Å2
<r2> 117.530
(<r2>)1/2 10.841