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All results from a given calculation for C4H6O2 (γ–Butyrolactone)

using model chemistry: HSEh1PBE/6-31G

19 10 17 12 22

States and conformations

State Conformation minimum conformation conformer description state description
1 1 yes C1 1A
Energy calculated at HSEh1PBE/6-31G
 hartrees
Energy at 0K-306.072248
Energy at 298.15K 
HF Energy-306.072248
Nuclear repulsion energy238.553486
The energy at 298.15K was derived from the energy at 0K and an integrated heat capacity that used the calculated vibrational frequencies.
Vibrational Frequencies calculated at HSEh1PBE/6-31G
Mode Number Symmetry Frequency
(cm-1)
Scaled Frequency
(cm-1)
IR Intensities
(km mol-1)
Raman Act
4/u)
Dep P Dep U
1 A 3196 3057 20.65      
2 A 3184 3046 4.37      
3 A 3169 3032 11.13      
4 A 3108 2973 21.27      
5 A 3105 2971 29.46      
6 A 3094 2959 4.84      
7 A 1829 1749 333.07      
8 A 1562 1494 1.10      
9 A 1541 1474 8.75      
10 A 1510 1444 13.56      
11 A 1404 1343 6.83      
12 A 1381 1321 0.48      
13 A 1343 1284 4.80      
14 A 1274 1219 6.08      
15 A 1246 1192 3.83      
16 A 1206 1154 3.34      
17 A 1178 1126 227.85      
18 A 1128 1079 10.97      
19 A 1074 1028 23.76      
20 A 1012 968 57.51      
21 A 956 915 9.27      
22 A 919 879 8.31      
23 A 892 853 23.24      
24 A 816 780 8.25      
25 A 683 653 4.91      
26 A 649 621 6.52      
27 A 534 511 3.59      
28 A 484 463 3.39      
29 A 198 190 3.73      
30 A 149 143 1.00      

Unscaled Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 21911.3 cm-1
Scaled (by 0.9566) Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 20960.4 cm-1
See section III.C.1 List or set vibrational scaling factors to change the scale factors used here.
See section III.C.2 Calculate a vibrational scaling factor for a given set of molecules to determine the least squares best scaling factor.
Rotational Constants (cm-1) from geometry optimized at HSEh1PBE/6-31G
ABC
0.24099 0.11674 0.08352

See section I.F.4 to change rotational constant units
Geometric Data calculated at HSEh1PBE/6-31G

Point Group is C1

Cartesians (Å)
Atom x (Å) y (Å) z (Å)
C1 0.893 -0.003 0.003
C2 -0.011 1.205 0.164
C3 -1.401 0.683 -0.212
C4 -1.305 -0.812 0.123
O5 0.114 -1.147 -0.042
O6 2.111 -0.041 -0.068
H7 0.347 2.028 -0.456
H8 0.037 1.534 1.210
H9 -1.579 0.819 -1.283
H10 -2.211 1.175 0.330
H11 -1.869 -1.458 -0.548
H12 -1.584 -1.028 1.159

Atom - Atom Distances (Å)
  C1 C2 C3 C4 O5 O6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11 H12
C11.51702.40412.34621.38541.22022.15232.13352.90573.33673.17092.9199
C21.51701.53162.39722.36462.47151.09101.09742.16872.20723.32482.9071
C32.40411.53161.53542.38243.58862.21912.19361.09471.09212.21792.2002
C42.34622.39721.53541.46823.50733.33682.91342.17142.19381.08921.0941
O51.38542.36462.38241.46822.28243.21082.96042.87693.30782.07072.0836
O61.22022.47153.58863.50732.28242.74662.90123.97924.50794.25194.0164
H72.15231.09102.21913.33683.21082.74661.76502.42002.80954.13243.9596
H82.13351.09742.19362.91342.96042.90121.76503.05582.44093.95983.0324
H92.90572.16871.09472.17142.87693.97922.42003.05581.76912.41083.0623
H103.33672.20721.09212.19383.30784.50792.80952.44091.76912.79702.4359
H113.17093.32482.21791.08922.07074.25194.13243.95982.41082.79701.7838
H122.91992.90712.20021.09412.08364.01643.95963.03243.06232.43591.7838

picture of γ–Butyrolactone state 1 conformation 1
More geometry information
Calculated Bond Angles
atom1 atom2 atom3 angle atom1 atom2 atom3 angle
C1 C2 C3 104.108 C1 C2 H7 110.156
C1 C2 H8 108.315 C1 O5 C4 110.576
C2 C1 O5 109.029 C2 C1 O6 128.774
C2 C3 C4 102.815 C2 C3 H9 110.220
C2 C3 H10 113.488 C3 C2 H7 114.543
C3 C2 H8 112.051 C3 C4 O5 104.944
C3 C4 H11 114.270 C3 C4 H12 112.509
C4 C3 H9 110.168 C4 C3 H10 112.110
O5 C1 O6 122.193 O5 C4 H11 107.200
O5 C4 H12 107.925 H7 C2 H8 107.514
H9 C3 H10 107.991 H11 C4 H12 109.571
Electronic energy levels
Charges, Dipole, Quadrupole and Polarizability
Charges from optimized geometry at HSEh1PBE/6-31G Charges (e)
Number Element Mulliken CHELPG AIM ESP
1 C 0.555      
2 C -0.417      
3 C -0.373      
4 C -0.079      
5 O -0.493      
6 O -0.413      
7 H 0.220      
8 H 0.219      
9 H 0.198      
10 H 0.188      
11 H 0.202      
12 H 0.193      


Electric dipole moments
Electric dipole components in Debye
(What's a Debye? See section VII.A.3)
  x y z Total
  -4.765 2.005 0.459 5.191
CHELPG        
AIM        
ESP        


Electric Quadrupole moment
Quadrupole components in D Å
Primitive
 xyz
x -40.517 2.248 0.290
y 2.248 -35.657 -0.129
z 0.290 -0.129 -33.389
Traceless
 xyz
x -5.994 2.248 0.290
y 2.248 1.296 -0.129
z 0.290 -0.129 4.698
Polar
3z2-r29.396
x2-y2-4.860
xy2.248
xz0.290
yz-0.129


Polarizabilities
Components of the polarizability tensor.
Units are Å3 (Angstrom cubed)
Change units.
  x y z
x 8.009 0.500 -0.132
y 0.500 6.079 0.039
z -0.132 0.039 5.061


<r2> (average value of r2) Å2
<r2> 142.220
(<r2>)1/2 11.926