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All results from a given calculation for C4H6O2 (γ–Butyrolactone)

using model chemistry: PBEPBE/6-31G

19 10 17 12 22

States and conformations

State Conformation minimum conformation conformer description state description
1 1 yes C1 1A
Energy calculated at PBEPBE/6-31G
 hartrees
Energy at 0K-306.042392
Energy at 298.15K 
HF Energy-306.042392
Nuclear repulsion energy236.086984
The energy at 298.15K was derived from the energy at 0K and an integrated heat capacity that used the calculated vibrational frequencies.
Vibrational Frequencies calculated at PBEPBE/6-31G
Mode Number Symmetry Frequency
(cm-1)
Scaled Frequency
(cm-1)
IR Intensities
(km mol-1)
Raman Act
4/u)
Dep P Dep U
1 A 3101 3058 24.09      
2 A 3092 3049 6.22      
3 A 3078 3036 12.45      
4 A 3020 2978 21.19      
5 A 3010 2969 34.68      
6 A 3003 2962 6.03      
7 A 1749 1725 279.73      
8 A 1509 1489 0.62      
9 A 1493 1473 6.83      
10 A 1464 1443 11.79      
11 A 1346 1327 3.37      
12 A 1331 1313 0.18      
13 A 1291 1273 4.09      
14 A 1228 1211 3.74      
15 A 1197 1181 1.79      
16 A 1155 1140 2.51      
17 A 1104 1089 144.92      
18 A 1081 1066 44.64      
19 A 1028 1014 21.49      
20 A 951 937 44.21      
21 A 918 905 11.48      
22 A 882 870 10.71      
23 A 848 836 37.08      
24 A 776 765 9.04      
25 A 651 642 2.84      
26 A 620 611 5.77      
27 A 510 503 2.33      
28 A 462 455 2.19      
29 A 198 195 3.22      
30 A 149 147 0.78      

Unscaled Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 21121.6 cm-1
Scaled (by 0.9862) Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 20830.1 cm-1
See section III.C.1 List or set vibrational scaling factors to change the scale factors used here.
See section III.C.2 Calculate a vibrational scaling factor for a given set of molecules to determine the least squares best scaling factor.
Rotational Constants (cm-1) from geometry optimized at PBEPBE/6-31G
ABC
0.23595 0.11439 0.08187

See section I.F.4 to change rotational constant units
Geometric Data calculated at PBEPBE/6-31G

Point Group is C1

Cartesians (Å)
Atom x (Å) y (Å) z (Å)
C1 0.903 0.003 0.003
C2 -0.016 1.215 0.170
C3 -1.411 0.688 -0.221
C4 -1.321 -0.814 0.128
O5 0.117 -1.168 -0.044
O6 2.133 -0.038 -0.070
H7 0.345 2.051 -0.446
H8 0.024 1.538 1.227
H9 -1.577 0.816 -1.304
H10 -2.235 1.187 0.312
H11 -1.894 -1.471 -0.540
H12 -1.594 -1.022 1.177

Atom - Atom Distances (Å)
  C1 C2 C3 C4 O5 O6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11 H12
C11.52962.42372.37221.41091.23312.17002.15132.91903.36863.20772.9432
C21.52961.54162.41222.39552.49911.09991.10662.18332.22413.35292.9166
C32.42371.54161.54452.41023.62122.23482.20861.10351.10122.23512.2160
C42.37222.41221.54451.49033.54533.36372.92372.18532.20841.09851.1037
O51.41092.39552.41021.49032.31123.25202.99122.89703.34772.09292.1070
O61.23312.49913.62123.54532.31122.77602.93554.00244.55334.30004.0512
H72.17001.09992.23483.36373.25202.77601.77932.44022.82474.17463.9798
H82.15131.10662.20862.92372.99122.93551.77933.08052.46253.98193.0288
H92.91902.18331.10352.18532.89704.00242.44023.08051.78402.43243.0881
H103.36862.22411.10122.20843.34774.55332.82472.46251.78402.81262.4581
H113.20773.35292.23511.09852.09294.30004.17463.98192.43242.81261.8002
H122.94322.91662.21601.10372.10704.05123.97983.02883.08812.45811.8002

picture of γ–Butyrolactone state 1 conformation 1
More geometry information
Calculated Bond Angles
atom1 atom2 atom3 angle atom1 atom2 atom3 angle
C1 C2 C3 104.217 C1 C2 H7 110.156
C1 C2 H8 108.312 C1 O5 C4 109.670
C2 C1 O5 109.033 C2 C1 O6 129.219
C2 C3 C4 102.822 C2 C3 H9 110.158
C2 C3 H10 113.574 C3 C2 H7 114.533
C3 C2 H8 111.980 C3 C4 O5 105.142
C3 C4 H11 114.427 C3 C4 H12 112.536
C4 C3 H9 110.113 C4 C3 H10 112.085
O5 C1 O6 121.742 O5 C4 H11 106.914
O5 C4 H12 107.702 H7 C2 H8 107.491
H9 C3 H10 108.030 H11 C4 H12 109.655
Electronic energy levels
Charges, Dipole, Quadrupole and Polarizability
Charges from optimized geometry at PBEPBE/6-31G Charges (e)
Number Element Mulliken CHELPG AIM ESP
1 C 0.475      
2 C -0.374      
3 C -0.334      
4 C -0.087      
5 O -0.425      
6 O -0.373      
7 H 0.200      
8 H 0.201      
9 H 0.182      
10 H 0.170      
11 H 0.186      
12 H 0.178      


Electric dipole moments
Electric dipole components in Debye
(What's a Debye? See section VII.A.3)
  x y z Total
  -4.506 1.877 0.439 4.901
CHELPG        
AIM        
ESP        


Electric Quadrupole moment
Quadrupole components in D Å
Primitive
 xyz
x -40.179 2.123 0.279
y 2.123 -35.601 -0.113
z 0.279 -0.113 -33.535
Traceless
 xyz
x -5.610 2.123 0.279
y 2.123 1.256 -0.113
z 0.279 -0.113 4.354
Polar
3z2-r28.708
x2-y2-4.578
xy2.123
xz0.279
yz-0.113


Polarizabilities
Components of the polarizability tensor.
Units are Å3 (Angstrom cubed)
Change units.
  x y z
x 8.416 0.541 -0.145
y 0.541 6.412 0.049
z -0.145 0.049 5.204


<r2> (average value of r2) Å2
<r2> 144.550
(<r2>)1/2 12.023