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All results from a given calculation for CH3CHCH2CH3 (2-Butyl radical)

using model chemistry: B3PW91/3-21G*

19 10 17 12 22

States and conformations

State Conformation minimum conformation conformer description state description
1 1 yes C1 1A
Energy calculated at B3PW91/3-21G*
 hartrees
Energy at 0K-156.881272
Energy at 298.15K-156.889763
Nuclear repulsion energy121.652401
The energy at 298.15K was derived from the energy at 0K and an integrated heat capacity that used the calculated vibrational frequencies.
Vibrational Frequencies calculated at B3PW91/3-21G*
Mode Number Symmetry Frequency
(cm-1)
Scaled Frequency
(cm-1)
IR Intensities
(km mol-1)
Raman Act
4/u)
Dep P Dep U
1 A 3178 3049 23.40      
2 A 3132 3005 25.80      
3 A 3125 2998 29.52      
4 A 3115 2988 18.01      
5 A 3054 2930 15.08      
6 A 3054 2930 34.95      
7 A 3036 2912 15.08      
8 A 2974 2853 34.78      
9 A 2957 2837 23.72      
10 A 1564 1500 5.34      
11 A 1559 1496 8.91      
12 A 1548 1485 8.51      
13 A 1537 1475 9.90      
14 A 1525 1463 2.37      
15 A 1455 1396 4.04      
16 A 1452 1393 12.09      
17 A 1409 1352 0.94      
18 A 1347 1292 3.54      
19 A 1311 1257 0.20      
20 A 1203 1154 0.79      
21 A 1133 1087 0.31      
22 A 1103 1058 0.70      
23 A 1034 992 6.75      
24 A 1014 972 2.84      
25 A 1006 965 4.74      
26 A 852 817 0.27      
27 A 789 757 3.44      
28 A 435 417 0.22      
29 A 382 366 27.29      
30 A 263 253 2.71      
31 A 235 226 0.19      
32 A 108 103 0.10      
33 A 60 58 0.07      

Unscaled Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 25972.2 cm-1
Scaled (by 0.9594) Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 24917.7 cm-1
See section III.C.1 List or set vibrational scaling factors to change the scale factors used here.
See section III.C.2 Calculate a vibrational scaling factor for a given set of molecules to determine the least squares best scaling factor.
Rotational Constants (cm-1) from geometry optimized at B3PW91/3-21G*
ABC
0.86829 0.12108 0.11384

See section I.F.4 to change rotational constant units
Geometric Data calculated at B3PW91/3-21G*

Point Group is C1

Cartesians (Å)
Atom x (Å) y (Å) z (Å)
C1 1.986 -0.043 -0.074
H2 2.064 -0.809 -0.860
H3 2.678 0.771 -0.317
H4 2.344 -0.512 0.861
C5 0.577 0.449 0.057
H6 0.402 1.476 0.370
C7 -0.570 -0.516 0.102
H8 -0.575 -1.056 1.068
H9 -0.431 -1.287 -0.672
C10 -1.936 0.173 -0.091
H11 -2.100 0.923 0.693
H12 -1.974 0.677 -1.063
H13 -2.754 -0.556 -0.044

Atom - Atom Distances (Å)
  C1 H2 H3 H4 C5 H6 C7 H8 H9 C10 H11 H12 H13
C11.09971.09621.10581.49752.23942.60482.98162.78303.92764.26784.14414.7674
H21.09971.78011.76892.15213.08172.81923.27792.54734.18984.76944.30734.8930
H31.09621.78011.77332.15802.48033.51873.98033.74574.65844.88594.71245.5985
H41.10581.76891.77332.16542.82193.01082.97653.26364.43734.67254.87405.1776
C51.49752.15212.15802.16541.08831.49942.14862.13582.53282.79232.79543.4809
H62.23943.08172.48032.82191.08832.23212.80243.06842.71572.58202.88683.7757
C72.60482.81923.51873.01081.49942.23211.10731.10161.54192.18182.17972.1894
H82.98163.27793.98032.97652.14862.80241.10731.76152.16922.52663.08282.4971
H92.78302.54733.74573.26362.13583.06841.10161.76152.17593.08762.52852.5152
C103.92764.18984.65844.43732.53282.71571.54192.16922.17591.09711.09601.0962
H114.26784.76944.88594.67252.79232.58202.18182.52663.08761.09711.77701.7769
H124.14414.30734.71244.87402.79542.88682.17973.08282.52851.09601.77701.7796
H134.76744.89305.59855.17763.48093.77572.18942.49712.51521.09621.77691.7796

picture of 2-Butyl radical state 1 conformation 1
More geometry information
Calculated Bond Angles
atom1 atom2 atom3 angle atom1 atom2 atom3 angle
C1 C5 H6 119.162 C1 C5 C7 120.718
H2 C1 H3 108.318 H2 C1 H4 106.652
H2 C1 C5 110.989 H3 C1 H4 107.286
H3 C1 C5 111.680 H4 C1 C5 111.687
C5 C7 H8 110.120 C5 C7 H9 109.446
C5 C7 C10 112.767 H6 C5 C7 118.347
C7 C10 H11 110.398 C7 C10 H12 110.300
C7 C10 H13 111.057 H8 C7 H9 105.772
H8 C7 C10 108.824 H9 C7 C10 109.671
H11 C10 H12 108.244 H11 C10 H13 108.220
H12 C10 H13 108.538
Electronic energy levels
Charges, Dipole, Quadrupole and Polarizability
Charges from optimized geometry at B3PW91/3-21G* Charges (e)
Number Element Mulliken CHELPG AIM ESP
1 C -0.669      
2 H 0.217      
3 H 0.218      
4 H 0.217      
5 C -0.151      
6 H 0.197      
7 C -0.480      
8 H 0.218      
9 H 0.217      
10 C -0.613      
11 H 0.208      
12 H 0.215      
13 H 0.207      


Electric dipole moments
Electric dipole components in Debye
(What's a Debye? See section VII.A.3)
  x y z Total
  0.074 -0.151 0.178 0.245
CHELPG        
AIM        
ESP        


Electric Quadrupole moment
Quadrupole components in D Å
Primitive
 xyz
x -26.787 0.100 -0.048
y 0.100 -26.792 0.398
z -0.048 0.398 -27.826
Traceless
 xyz
x 0.522 0.100 -0.048
y 0.100 0.515 0.398
z -0.048 0.398 -1.037
Polar
3z2-r2-2.073
x2-y20.005
xy0.100
xz-0.048
yz0.398


Polarizabilities
Components of the polarizability tensor.
Units are Å3 (Angstrom cubed)
Change units.
  x y z
x 0.000 0.000 0.000
y 0.000 0.000 0.000
z 0.000 0.000 0.000


<r2> (average value of r2) Å2
<r2> 116.698
(<r2>)1/2 10.803