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All results from a given calculation for C4H6O2 (γ–Butyrolactone)

using model chemistry: PBE1PBE/6-311G**

19 10 17 12 22

States and conformations

State Conformation minimum conformation conformer description state description
1 1 yes C1 1A
Energy calculated at PBE1PBE/6-311G**
 hartrees
Energy at 0K-306.229761
Energy at 298.15K 
HF Energy-306.229761
Nuclear repulsion energy241.770022
The energy at 298.15K was derived from the energy at 0K and an integrated heat capacity that used the calculated vibrational frequencies.
Vibrational Frequencies calculated at PBE1PBE/6-311G**
Mode Number Symmetry Frequency
(cm-1)
Scaled Frequency
(cm-1)
IR Intensities
(km mol-1)
Raman Act
4/u)
Dep P Dep U
1 A 3158 3030 7.22      
2 A 3145 3018 24.08      
3 A 3137 3009 15.08      
4 A 3082 2957 20.96      
5 A 3072 2947 4.89      
6 A 3058 2933 40.56      
7 A 1910 1832 419.45      
8 A 1525 1463 1.56      
9 A 1494 1433 9.64      
10 A 1458 1399 10.63      
11 A 1403 1346 21.20      
12 A 1347 1292 1.71      
13 A 1308 1255 16.07      
14 A 1267 1215 11.22      
15 A 1226 1177 30.62      
16 A 1201 1152 2.45      
17 A 1190 1142 199.39      
18 A 1103 1058 58.32      
19 A 1091 1046 28.59      
20 A 1022 981 15.87      
21 A 955 916 3.11      
22 A 903 866 11.03      
23 A 887 851 11.85      
24 A 819 786 4.46      
25 A 692 663 5.08      
26 A 642 616 4.53      
27 A 534 512 2.69      
28 A 497 476 3.68      
29 A 215 206 2.32      
30 A 154 147 0.73      

Unscaled Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 21745.1 cm-1
Scaled (by 0.9594) Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 20862.2 cm-1
See section III.C.1 List or set vibrational scaling factors to change the scale factors used here.
See section III.C.2 Calculate a vibrational scaling factor for a given set of molecules to determine the least squares best scaling factor.
Rotational Constants (cm-1) from geometry optimized at PBE1PBE/6-311G**
ABC
0.24541 0.12056 0.08619

See section I.F.4 to change rotational constant units
Geometric Data calculated at PBE1PBE/6-311G**

Point Group is C1

Cartesians (Å)
Atom x (Å) y (Å) z (Å)
C1 0.882 -0.002 0.003
C2 -0.029 1.199 0.173
C3 -1.395 0.663 -0.227
C4 -1.258 -0.814 0.134
O5 0.126 -1.126 -0.048
O6 2.072 -0.027 -0.073
H7 0.340 2.038 -0.416
H8 0.006 1.491 1.229
H9 -1.543 0.773 -1.305
H10 -2.232 1.141 0.283
H11 -1.837 -1.483 -0.503
H12 -1.523 -1.003 1.180

Atom - Atom Distances (Å)
  C1 C2 C3 C4 O5 O6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11 H12
C11.51712.38332.29251.35611.19232.15172.12212.86263.32923.13742.8585
C21.51711.52082.35832.34062.44501.08951.09592.15862.20623.30432.8447
C32.38331.52081.52642.35473.53812.22132.18351.09361.09102.20852.1847
C42.29252.35831.52641.42983.42753.31442.84782.16122.18941.09021.0958
O51.35612.34062.35471.42982.23533.19242.91512.82373.28772.04582.0590
O61.19232.44503.53813.42752.23532.71702.87613.90244.47384.19323.9296
H72.15171.08952.22133.31443.19242.71701.76492.43622.81174.14033.9066
H82.12211.09592.18352.84782.91512.87611.76493.05542.45393.90412.9258
H92.86262.15861.09362.16122.82373.90242.43623.05541.77012.41303.0550
H103.32922.20621.09102.18943.28774.47382.81172.45391.77012.76812.4302
H113.13743.30432.20851.09022.04584.19324.14033.90412.41302.76811.7780
H122.85852.84472.18471.09582.05903.92963.90662.92583.05502.43021.7780

picture of γ–Butyrolactone state 1 conformation 1
More geometry information
Calculated Bond Angles
atom1 atom2 atom3 angle atom1 atom2 atom3 angle
C1 C2 C3 103.352 C1 C2 H7 110.201
C1 C2 H8 107.512 C1 O5 C4 110.730
C2 C1 O5 108.977 C2 C1 O6 128.554
C2 C3 C4 101.415 C2 C3 H9 110.245
C2 C3 H10 114.275 C3 C2 H7 115.647
C3 C2 H8 112.097 C3 C4 O5 105.554
C3 C4 H11 114.097 C3 C4 H12 111.800
C4 C3 H9 110.060 C4 C3 H10 112.475
O5 C1 O6 122.467 O5 C4 H11 107.788
O5 C4 H12 108.507 H7 C2 H8 107.725
H9 C3 H10 108.242 H11 C4 H12 108.846
Electronic energy levels
Charges, Dipole, Quadrupole and Polarizability
Charges from optimized geometry at PBE1PBE/6-311G** Charges (e)
Number Element Mulliken CHELPG AIM ESP
1 C 0.379      
2 C -0.346      
3 C -0.321      
4 C -0.021      
5 O -0.293      
6 O -0.322      
7 H 0.170      
8 H 0.170      
9 H 0.156      
10 H 0.147      
11 H 0.143      
12 H 0.137      


Electric dipole moments
Electric dipole components in Debye
(What's a Debye? See section VII.A.3)
  x y z Total
  -4.254 1.491 0.411 4.527
CHELPG        
AIM        
ESP        


Electric Quadrupole moment
Quadrupole components in D Å
Primitive
 xyz
x -40.130 1.818 0.261
y 1.818 -35.176 -0.083
z 0.261 -0.083 -33.362
Traceless
 xyz
x -5.861 1.818 0.261
y 1.818 1.569 -0.083
z 0.261 -0.083 4.291
Polar
3z2-r28.583
x2-y2-4.953
xy1.818
xz0.261
yz-0.083


Polarizabilities
Components of the polarizability tensor.
Units are Å3 (Angstrom cubed)
Change units.
  x y z
x 8.175 0.437 -0.082
y 0.437 6.654 0.015
z -0.082 0.015 5.552


<r2> (average value of r2) Å2
<r2> 138.743
(<r2>)1/2 11.779