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All results from a given calculation for C4H6O2 (γ–Butyrolactone)

using model chemistry: PBE1PBE/6-31+G**

19 10 17 12 22

States and conformations

State Conformation minimum conformation conformer description state description
1 1 yes C1 1A
Energy calculated at PBE1PBE/6-31+G**
 hartrees
Energy at 0K-306.170632
Energy at 298.15K 
HF Energy-306.170632
Nuclear repulsion energy241.191503
The energy at 298.15K was derived from the energy at 0K and an integrated heat capacity that used the calculated vibrational frequencies.
Vibrational Frequencies calculated at PBE1PBE/6-31+G**
Mode Number Symmetry Frequency
(cm-1)
Scaled Frequency
(cm-1)
IR Intensities
(km mol-1)
Raman Act
4/u)
Dep P Dep U
1 A 3175 3033 4.77      
2 A 3163 3022 20.13      
3 A 3154 3013 12.77      
4 A 3096 2958 19.73      
5 A 3088 2950 4.51      
6 A 3076 2938 39.14      
7 A 1896 1812 454.24      
8 A 1529 1461 1.24      
9 A 1501 1434 9.46      
10 A 1463 1398 10.32      
11 A 1406 1343 26.40      
12 A 1351 1290 2.22      
13 A 1314 1255 16.95      
14 A 1266 1209 13.72      
15 A 1230 1175 42.59      
16 A 1203 1149 158.57      
17 A 1201 1148 34.62      
18 A 1104 1055 43.82      
19 A 1093 1044 41.39      
20 A 1026 980 17.09      
21 A 955 913 3.71      
22 A 905 864 9.31      
23 A 890 850 11.56      
24 A 821 785 4.46      
25 A 689 658 4.77      
26 A 643 614 4.83      
27 A 534 510 3.26      
28 A 492 470 3.56      
29 A 210 200 2.34      
30 A 151 144 1.10      

Unscaled Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 21811.5 cm-1
Scaled (by 0.9553) Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 20836.6 cm-1
See section III.C.1 List or set vibrational scaling factors to change the scale factors used here.
See section III.C.2 Calculate a vibrational scaling factor for a given set of molecules to determine the least squares best scaling factor.
Rotational Constants (cm-1) from geometry optimized at PBE1PBE/6-31+G**
ABC
0.24466 0.11990 0.08568

See section I.F.4 to change rotational constant units
Geometric Data calculated at PBE1PBE/6-31+G**

Point Group is C1

Cartesians (Å)
Atom x (Å) y (Å) z (Å)
C1 0.881 -0.003 0.003
C2 -0.027 1.201 0.168
C3 -1.399 0.665 -0.220
C4 -1.262 -0.817 0.131
O5 0.126 -1.127 -0.048
O6 2.080 -0.029 -0.070
H7 0.339 2.034 -0.434
H8 0.016 1.508 1.221
H9 -1.565 0.784 -1.296
H10 -2.229 1.141 0.306
H11 -1.836 -1.484 -0.515
H12 -1.528 -1.019 1.176

Atom - Atom Distances (Å)
  C1 C2 C3 C4 O5 O6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11 H12
C11.51732.38672.29651.35611.20112.15302.12442.87923.32843.13772.8657
C21.51731.52352.36632.34392.45161.09111.09712.16382.20763.30902.8630
C32.38671.52351.52882.35963.55092.22272.18861.09491.09262.21262.1910
C42.29652.36631.52881.43353.43973.31812.86802.16572.19091.09171.0968
O51.35612.34392.35961.43352.24213.19252.92692.84073.28942.04752.0599
O61.20112.45163.55093.43972.24212.72442.87873.93044.48144.20103.9432
H72.15301.09112.22273.31813.19252.72441.76632.43472.81794.13673.9239
H82.12441.09712.18862.86802.92692.87871.76633.05892.45233.92362.9615
H92.87922.16381.09492.16572.84073.93042.43473.05891.77112.41403.0596
H103.32842.20761.09262.19093.28944.48142.81792.45231.77112.77892.4319
H113.13773.30902.21261.09172.04754.20104.13673.92362.41402.77891.7806
H122.86572.86302.19101.09682.05993.94323.92392.96153.05962.43191.7806

picture of γ–Butyrolactone state 1 conformation 1
More geometry information
Calculated Bond Angles
atom1 atom2 atom3 angle atom1 atom2 atom3 angle
C1 C2 C3 103.419 C1 C2 H7 110.186
C1 C2 H8 107.611 C1 O5 C4 110.791
C2 C1 O5 109.187 C2 C1 O6 128.419
C2 C3 C4 101.653 C2 C3 H9 110.390
C2 C3 H10 114.086 C3 C2 H7 115.452
C3 C2 H8 112.246 C3 C4 O5 105.558
C3 C4 H11 114.166 C3 C4 H12 112.070
C4 C3 H9 110.164 C4 C3 H10 112.324
O5 C1 O6 122.393 O5 C4 H11 107.587
O5 C4 H12 108.263 H7 C2 H8 107.645
H9 C3 H10 108.125 H11 C4 H12 108.904
Electronic energy levels
Charges, Dipole, Quadrupole and Polarizability
Charges from optimized geometry at PBE1PBE/6-31+G** Charges (e)
Number Element Mulliken CHELPG AIM ESP
1 C 0.338      
2 C -0.249      
3 C -0.361      
4 C -0.130      
5 O -0.283      
6 O -0.464      
7 H 0.211      
8 H 0.212      
9 H 0.194      
10 H 0.184      
11 H 0.176      
12 H 0.172      


Electric dipole moments
Electric dipole components in Debye
(What's a Debye? See section VII.A.3)
  x y z Total
  -4.635 1.632 0.435 4.933
CHELPG        
AIM        
ESP        


Electric Quadrupole moment
Quadrupole components in D Å
Primitive
 xyz
x -41.062 1.887 0.279
y 1.887 -35.456 -0.121
z 0.279 -0.121 -33.658
Traceless
 xyz
x -6.505 1.887 0.279
y 1.887 1.904 -0.121
z 0.279 -0.121 4.601
Polar
3z2-r29.202
x2-y2-5.605
xy1.887
xz0.279
yz-0.121


Polarizabilities
Components of the polarizability tensor.
Units are Å3 (Angstrom cubed)
Change units.
  x y z
x 8.854 0.371 -0.097
y 0.371 7.217 0.034
z -0.097 0.034 5.926


<r2> (average value of r2) Å2
<r2> 139.668
(<r2>)1/2 11.818