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All results from a given calculation for C4H6O2 (γ–Butyrolactone)

using model chemistry: HSEh1PBE/6-31+G**

19 10 17 12 22

States and conformations

State Conformation minimum conformation conformer description state description
1 1 yes C1 1A
Energy calculated at HSEh1PBE/6-31+G**
 hartrees
Energy at 0K-306.195913
Energy at 298.15K 
HF Energy-306.195913
Nuclear repulsion energy241.141431
The energy at 298.15K was derived from the energy at 0K and an integrated heat capacity that used the calculated vibrational frequencies.
Vibrational Frequencies calculated at HSEh1PBE/6-31+G**
Mode Number Symmetry Frequency
(cm-1)
Scaled Frequency
(cm-1)
IR Intensities
(km mol-1)
Raman Act
4/u)
Dep P Dep U
1 A 3173 3030 5.11      
2 A 3161 3018 21.66      
3 A 3152 3009 13.17      
4 A 3094 2955 20.69      
5 A 3085 2946 4.87      
6 A 3074 2935 39.90      
7 A 1893 1808 454.99      
8 A 1529 1460 1.13      
9 A 1501 1433 9.09      
10 A 1464 1398 10.13      
11 A 1405 1342 25.93      
12 A 1350 1289 2.21      
13 A 1313 1254 15.98      
14 A 1265 1208 13.00      
15 A 1229 1173 36.90      
16 A 1201 1147 5.32      
17 A 1199 1145 194.74      
18 A 1102 1053 31.09      
19 A 1090 1041 54.72      
20 A 1024 978 17.89      
21 A 953 910 3.93      
22 A 904 863 9.51      
23 A 889 849 12.25      
24 A 820 783 4.46      
25 A 688 657 4.73      
26 A 643 614 4.87      
27 A 534 509 3.36      
28 A 491 469 3.54      
29 A 209 199 2.32      
30 A 151 144 1.11      

Unscaled Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 21793.7 cm-1
Scaled (by 0.9548) Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 20808.7 cm-1
See section III.C.1 List or set vibrational scaling factors to change the scale factors used here.
See section III.C.2 Calculate a vibrational scaling factor for a given set of molecules to determine the least squares best scaling factor.
Rotational Constants (cm-1) from geometry optimized at HSEh1PBE/6-31+G**
ABC
0.24460 0.11983 0.08563

See section I.F.4 to change rotational constant units
Geometric Data calculated at HSEh1PBE/6-31+G**

Point Group is C1

Cartesians (Å)
Atom x (Å) y (Å) z (Å)
C1 0.882 -0.003 0.003
C2 -0.026 1.201 0.168
C3 -1.399 0.666 -0.220
C4 -1.264 -0.816 0.130
O5 0.125 -1.128 -0.048
O6 2.080 -0.029 -0.070
H7 0.339 2.034 -0.435
H8 0.017 1.508 1.220
H9 -1.565 0.786 -1.295
H10 -2.229 1.142 0.307
H11 -1.836 -1.483 -0.517
H12 -1.530 -1.019 1.175

Atom - Atom Distances (Å)
  C1 C2 C3 C4 O5 O6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11 H12
C11.51742.38742.29811.35661.20112.15302.12442.88023.32883.13862.8675
C21.51741.52382.36732.34412.45171.09101.09692.16392.20773.30942.8646
C32.38741.52381.52902.36023.55152.22272.18871.09471.09242.21282.1912
C42.29812.36731.52901.43453.44123.31872.86942.16572.19091.09151.0966
O51.35662.34412.36021.43452.24263.19272.92732.84173.28972.04822.0605
O61.20112.45173.55153.44122.24262.72462.87873.93154.48184.20183.9451
H72.15301.09102.22273.31873.19272.72461.76582.43452.81794.13663.9252
H82.12441.09692.18872.86942.92732.87871.76583.05862.45233.92462.9641
H92.88022.16391.09472.16572.84173.93152.43453.05861.77062.41383.0594
H103.32882.20771.09242.19093.28974.48182.81792.45231.77062.77942.4321
H113.13863.30942.21281.09152.04824.20184.13663.92462.41382.77941.7804
H122.86752.86462.19121.09662.06053.94513.92522.96413.05942.43211.7804

picture of γ–Butyrolactone state 1 conformation 1
More geometry information
Calculated Bond Angles
atom1 atom2 atom3 angle atom1 atom2 atom3 angle
C1 C2 C3 103.445 C1 C2 H7 110.189
C1 C2 H8 107.613 C1 O5 C4 110.815
C2 C1 O5 109.170 C2 C1 O6 128.430
C2 C3 C4 101.690 C2 C3 H9 110.383
C2 C3 H10 114.086 C3 C2 H7 115.444
C3 C2 H8 112.244 C3 C4 O5 105.532
C3 C4 H11 114.181 C3 C4 H12 112.088
C4 C3 H9 110.158 C4 C3 H10 112.323
O5 C1 O6 122.398 O5 C4 H11 107.586
O5 C4 H12 108.249 H7 C2 H8 107.626
H9 C3 H10 108.106 H11 C4 H12 108.910
Electronic energy levels
Charges, Dipole, Quadrupole and Polarizability
Charges from optimized geometry at HSEh1PBE/6-31+G** Charges (e)
Number Element Mulliken CHELPG AIM ESP
1 C 0.347      
2 C -0.246      
3 C -0.353      
4 C -0.119      
5 O -0.290      
6 O -0.465      
7 H 0.207      
8 H 0.208      
9 H 0.190      
10 H 0.180      
11 H 0.173      
12 H 0.169      


Electric dipole moments
Electric dipole components in Debye
(What's a Debye? See section VII.A.3)
  x y z Total
  -4.639 1.635 0.434 4.938
CHELPG        
AIM        
ESP        


Electric Quadrupole moment
Quadrupole components in D Å
Primitive
 xyz
x -41.080 1.891 0.280
y 1.891 -35.479 -0.122
z 0.280 -0.122 -33.670
Traceless
 xyz
x -6.506 1.891 0.280
y 1.891 1.896 -0.122
z 0.280 -0.122 4.609
Polar
3z2-r29.219
x2-y2-5.601
xy1.891
xz0.280
yz-0.122


Polarizabilities
Components of the polarizability tensor.
Units are Å3 (Angstrom cubed)
Change units.
  x y z
x 8.874 0.372 -0.098
y 0.372 7.231 0.035
z -0.098 0.035 5.935


<r2> (average value of r2) Å2
<r2> 139.735
(<r2>)1/2 11.821