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All results from a given calculation for C4H6O2 (γ–Butyrolactone)

using model chemistry: wB97X-D/6-31+G**

19 10 17 12 22

States and conformations

State Conformation minimum conformation conformer description state description
1 1 yes C1 1A
Energy calculated at wB97X-D/6-31+G**
 hartrees
Energy at 0K-306.416754
Energy at 298.15K 
HF Energy-306.416754
Nuclear repulsion energy240.991467
The energy at 298.15K was derived from the energy at 0K and an integrated heat capacity that used the calculated vibrational frequencies.
Vibrational Frequencies calculated at wB97X-D/6-31+G**
Mode Number Symmetry Frequency
(cm-1)
Scaled Frequency
(cm-1)
IR Intensities
(km mol-1)
Raman Act
4/u)
Dep P Dep U
1 A 3182 3030 6.07      
2 A 3168 3017 24.20      
3 A 3157 3007 13.44      
4 A 3100 2952 21.38      
5 A 3091 2944 6.59      
6 A 3078 2931 41.82      
7 A 1901 1810 467.05      
8 A 1546 1472 0.93      
9 A 1519 1447 8.37      
10 A 1471 1400 10.46      
11 A 1422 1354 25.50      
12 A 1367 1301 2.10      
13 A 1321 1258 15.69      
14 A 1277 1216 18.46      
15 A 1237 1178 41.16      
16 A 1213 1155 135.66      
17 A 1211 1153 69.90      
18 A 1112 1059 24.27      
19 A 1095 1043 64.08      
20 A 1028 979 14.37      
21 A 952 907 4.04      
22 A 917 873 7.79      
23 A 892 849 12.08      
24 A 822 783 4.72      
25 A 692 659 4.70      
26 A 649 618 5.22      
27 A 534 509 4.03      
28 A 492 469 3.85      
29 A 216 206 2.37      
30 A 145 138 1.20      

Unscaled Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 21903.1 cm-1
Scaled (by 0.9523) Zero Point Vibrational Energy (zpe) 20858.3 cm-1
See section III.C.1 List or set vibrational scaling factors to change the scale factors used here.
See section III.C.2 Calculate a vibrational scaling factor for a given set of molecules to determine the least squares best scaling factor.
Rotational Constants (cm-1) from geometry optimized at wB97X-D/6-31+G**
ABC
0.24404 0.11972 0.08548

See section I.F.4 to change rotational constant units
Geometric Data calculated at wB97X-D/6-31+G**

Point Group is C1

Cartesians (Å)
Atom x (Å) y (Å) z (Å)
C1 0.882 -0.003 0.003
C2 -0.027 1.205 0.165
C3 -1.403 0.665 -0.217
C4 -1.262 -0.821 0.130
O5 0.128 -1.127 -0.050
O6 2.081 -0.028 -0.068
H7 0.335 2.032 -0.446
H8 0.020 1.517 1.215
H9 -1.577 0.788 -1.290
H10 -2.229 1.138 0.319
H11 -1.834 -1.485 -0.518
H12 -1.524 -1.025 1.174

Atom - Atom Distances (Å)
  C1 C2 C3 C4 O5 O6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11 H12
C11.52072.39142.29881.35501.20102.15452.12712.88843.32873.13782.8655
C21.52071.52712.37322.34732.45341.09011.09582.16652.20843.31212.8699
C32.39141.52711.53272.36333.55582.22282.19111.09381.09162.21382.1929
C42.29882.37321.53271.43483.44173.31982.87872.16912.19201.09041.0956
O51.35502.34732.36331.43482.24123.19062.93342.84803.28922.04832.0589
O61.20102.45343.55583.44172.24122.72702.87813.94184.48154.20133.9417
H72.15451.09012.22283.31983.19062.72701.76712.43152.82094.13253.9281
H82.12711.09582.19112.87872.93342.87811.76713.05842.45033.93132.9753
H92.88842.16651.09382.16912.84803.94182.43153.05841.77072.41443.0601
H103.32872.20841.09162.19203.28924.48152.82092.45031.77072.78132.4304
H113.13783.31212.21381.09042.04834.20134.13253.93132.41442.78131.7812
H122.86552.86992.19291.09562.05893.94173.92812.97533.06012.43041.7812

picture of γ–Butyrolactone state 1 conformation 1
More geometry information
Calculated Bond Angles
atom1 atom2 atom3 angle atom1 atom2 atom3 angle
C1 C2 C3 103.370 C1 C2 H7 110.124
C1 C2 H8 107.664 C1 O5 C4 110.944
C2 C1 O5 109.290 C2 C1 O6 128.299
C2 C3 C4 101.717 C2 C3 H9 110.409
C2 C3 H10 113.949 C3 C2 H7 115.256
C3 C2 H8 112.265 C3 C4 O5 105.528
C3 C4 H11 114.058 C3 C4 H12 112.026
C4 C3 H9 110.228 C4 C3 H10 112.201
O5 C1 O6 122.410 O5 C4 H11 107.634
O5 C4 H12 108.159 H7 C2 H8 107.877
H9 C3 H10 108.238 H11 C4 H12 109.133
Electronic energy levels
Charges, Dipole, Quadrupole and Polarizability
Charges from optimized geometry at wB97X-D/6-31+G** Charges (e)
Number Element Mulliken CHELPG AIM ESP
1 C 0.377      
2 C -0.247      
3 C -0.337      
4 C -0.087      
5 O -0.315      
6 O -0.472      
7 H 0.201      
8 H 0.201      
9 H 0.180      
10 H 0.172      
11 H 0.167      
12 H 0.161      


Electric dipole moments
Electric dipole components in Debye
(What's a Debye? See section VII.A.3)
  x y z Total
  -4.730 1.662 0.441 5.033
CHELPG        
AIM        
ESP        


Electric Quadrupole moment
Quadrupole components in D Å
Primitive
 xyz
x -41.113 1.925 0.274
y 1.925 -35.391 -0.140
z 0.274 -0.140 -33.547
Traceless
 xyz
x -6.644 1.925 0.274
y 1.925 1.939 -0.140
z 0.274 -0.140 4.705
Polar
3z2-r29.410
x2-y2-5.722
xy1.925
xz0.274
yz-0.140


Polarizabilities
Components of the polarizability tensor.
Units are Å3 (Angstrom cubed)
Change units.
  x y z
x 8.792 0.367 -0.095
y 0.367 7.144 0.032
z -0.095 0.032 5.918


<r2> (average value of r2) Å2
<r2> 139.872
(<r2>)1/2 11.827