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Experimental data for CH2CHCH2CH3 (1-Butene)

22 02 02 11 45
Other names
α-Butene; α-Butylene; 1-Butene; 1-Butylene; 1-C4H8; But-1-ene; Butene-1; Ethylethylene; butene; alpha-Butene; alpha-Butylene;
INChI INChIKey SMILES IUPAC name
InChI=1S/C4H8/c1-3-4-2/h3H,1,4H2,2H3 VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N C=CCC But-1-ene
State Conformation
1A C1
Enthalpy of formation (Hfg), Entropy, Integrated heat capacity (0 K to 298.15 K) (HH), Heat Capacity (Cp)
Property Value Uncertainty units Reference Comment
Hfg(298.15K) enthalpy of formation -0.50   kJ mol-1 TRC
Hfg(0K) enthalpy of formation 20.40   kJ mol-1 TRC
Entropy (298.15K) entropy 307.86   J K-1 mol-1 TRC
Integrated Heat Capacity (0 to 298.15K) integrated heat capacity 17.12   kJ mol-1 TRC
Heat Capacity (298.15K) heat capacity 85.56   J K-1 mol-1 webbook
Information can also be found for this species in the NIST Chemistry Webbook
Vibrational levels (cm-1) vibrations
Mode Number Symmetry Frequency Intensity Comment Description
Fundamental(cm-1) Harmonic(cm-1) Reference (km mol-1) unc. Reference
1 A' 3086   1974sve/kov      
2 A' 2998   1974sve/kov      
3 A' 2998   1974sve/kov      
4 A' 2970   1974sve/kov      
5 A' 2908   1974sve/kov       renumbered for comparisons
6 A' 2851   1974sve/kov       renumbered for comparisons
7 A' 1645   1974sve/kov       renumbered for comparisons
8 A' 1457   1974sve/kov       renumbered for comparisons
9 A' 1450   1974sve/kov       renumbered for comparisons
10 A' 1420   1974sve/kov       renumbered for comparisons
11 A' 1390   1974sve/kov       renumbered for comparisons
12 A' 1307   1974sve/kov       renumbered for comparisons
13 A' 1294   1974sve/kov       renumbered for comparisons
14 A' 1174   1974sve/kov       renumbered for comparisons
15 A' 1073   1974sve/kov       renumbered for comparisons
16 A' 980   1974sve/kov       renumbered for comparisons
17 A' 853   1974sve/kov       renumbered for comparisons
18 A' 437   1974sve/kov       renumbered for comparisons
19 A' 320   1974sve/kov       renumbered for comparisons
20 A" 2970   1974sve/kov       renumbered for comparisons
21 A" 2925   1974sve/kov       renumbered for comparisons
22 A" 1457   1974sve/kov       renumbered for comparisons
23 A" 1264   1974sve/kov       renumbered for comparisons
24 A" 1020   1974sve/kov       renumbered for comparisons
25 A" 993   1974sve/kov       renumbered for comparisons
26 A" 912   1974sve/kov       renumbered for comparisons
27 A" 788   1974sve/kov       renumbered for comparisons
28 A" 623   1974sve/kov       renumbered for comparisons
29 A" 282   1974sve/kov      
30 A" 237   1974sve/kov      

vibrational zero-point energy: 23041.0 cm-1 (from fundamental vibrations)
Calculated vibrational frequencies for CH2CHCH2CH3 (1-Butene).
Gas-phase IR spectra can be found in the NIST Chemistry Webbook here.
Rotational Constants (cm-1) rotational constants
See section I.F.4 to change rotational constant units
A B C reference comment
0.51044 0.18596 0.14354 NISThydrocarbon

Calculated rotational constants for CH2CHCH2CH3 (1-Butene).
Product of moments of inertia moments of inertia
351610.7amu3Å6   1.61001534987037E-114gm3 cm6
Geometric Data
picture of 1-Butene

Point Group C1


Internal coordinates
distances (r) in Å, angles (a) in degrees, dihedrals (d) in degrees
Description Value unc. Connectivity Reference Comment
Atom 1 Atom 2 Atom 3 Atom 4
rCC 1.342   3 4 1976Hellwege(II/7)
rCC 1.493   2 3 1976Hellwege(II/7) closest to =
rCC 1.536   1 2 1976Hellwege(II/7) farthest from =
rCH 1.090   3 5 1976Hellwege(II/7) !assumed for vinyl
rCH 1.095   1 6 1976Hellwege(II/7) !assumed for ethyl
aCCC 125.4 2 3 4 1976Hellwege(II/7)
aCCC 112.1 1 2 3 1976Hellwege(II/7)
aHCC 117.1 2 3 5 1976Hellwege(II/7) middle C has =
aHCC 110.3 2 1 6 1976Hellwege(II/7) from end
aHCH 105.7 1 9 2 10 1976Hellwege(II/7)
dCCCC 119.9 0.5 1 2 3 4 1976Hellwege(II/7)

These cartesians were determined using some assumed coordinate values. Cartesians
Atom x (Å) y (Å) z (Å)

Atom - Atom Distances bond lengths
Distances in Å
 

Calculated geometries for CH2CHCH2CH3 (1-Butene).

Bond descriptions


Examples: C-C single bond, C=C, double bond, C#C triple bond, C:C aromatic bond
Bond Type Count
H-C 8
C-C 2
C=C 1

Connectivity
Atom 1 Atom 2
C1 C2
C1 H6
C1 H7
C1 H8
C2 C3
C2 H9
C2 H10
C3 C4
C3 H5
C4 H11
C4 H12
Electronic energy levels (cm-1)
Energy (cm-1) Degeneracy reference description
0 1   1A

Ionization Energies (eV)
Ionization Energy I.E. unc. vertical I.E. v.I.E. unc. reference
9.550 0.060 9.770 0.010 webbook
Dipole, Quadrupole and Polarizability
Electric dipole moment dipole
State Config State description Conf description Exp. min. Dipole (Debye) Reference comment Point Group Components
x y z total dipole quadrupole
1 1 1A C1 True 0.345 0.081 0.059 0.359 NISThydrocarbon μa=0.345(7), μb= 0.081(11), μc=0.059(16) C1 3 5
Experimental dipole measurement abbreviations: MW microwave; DT Dielectric with Temperature variation; DR Indirect (usually an upper limit); MB Molecular beam
Calculated electric dipole moments for CH2CHCH2CH3 (1-Butene).
Electric quadrupole moment quadrupole
State Config State description Conf description Exp. min. Quadrupole (D Å) Reference comment Point Group Components
xx yy zz dipole quadrupole
1 1 1A C1 True       C1 3 5

Calculated electric quadrupole moments for CH2CHCH2CH3 (1-Butene).
Electric dipole polarizability (Å3) polarizability
alpha unc. Reference
7.830   1998Gus/Rui:163

Calculated electric dipole polarizability for CH2CHCH2CH3 (1-Butene).

References
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squib reference DOI
1974sve/kov L.M. Sverdlov, M. A. Kovner, E. P. Krainov, "Vibrational Spectra of Polyatomic Molecules" Wiley, New York 1974  
1976Hellwege(II/7) Hellwege, KH and AM Hellwege (ed.). Landolt-Bornstein: Group II: Atomic and Molecular Physics Volume 7: Structure Data of Free Polyatomic Molecules. Springer-Verlag. Berlin. 1976.  
1998Gus/Rui:163 M Gussoni, R Rui, G Zerbi "Electronic and relaxation contribution to linear molecular polarizability. An analysis of the experimental values" J. Mol. Struct. 447 (1998) 163-215 10.1016/S0022-2860(97)00292-5
NISThydrocarbon NIST Hydrocarbon spectral database (http://www.physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/MolSpec/Hydro/index.html) 10.18434/T4PC70
TRC Frenkel, M; Marsh, K.N.; Wilhoit, R.C.; Kabo, G.J.; Roganov, G.N.,Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds in the Gas State,Thermodynamics Research Center, College Station, TX, 1994  
webbook NIST Chemistry Webbook (http://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry) 10.18434/T4D303

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