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Experimental data for CH2CHCHO (Acrolein)

22 02 02 11 45
Other names
2-Propenal; trans-Acrolein; Acrylaldehyde; Acrylic Aldehyde; Allyl aldehyde; Aqualin; Prop-2-En-1-al; Acroleine; Propenal; Propen-1-one; Akrolein;
INChI INChIKey SMILES IUPAC name
InChI=1S/C3H4O/c1-2-3-4/h2-3H,1H2 HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N O=CC=C Acrylaldehyde
State Conformation
1A' CS trans
Enthalpy of formation (Hfg), Entropy, Integrated heat capacity (0 K to 298.15 K) (HH), Heat Capacity (Cp)
Property Value Uncertainty units Reference Comment
Hfg(298.15K) enthalpy of formation -84.00   kJ mol-1 TRC
Hfg(0K) enthalpy of formation -74.00   kJ mol-1 TRC
Entropy (298.15K) entropy 281.12   J K-1 mol-1 TRC
Integrated Heat Capacity (0 to 298.15K) integrated heat capacity 14.48   kJ mol-1 TRC
Heat Capacity (298.15K) heat capacity 71.28   J K-1 mol-1 webbook
Information can also be found for this species in the NIST Chemistry Webbook
Vibrational levels (cm-1) vibrations
Mode Number Symmetry Frequency Intensity Comment Description
Fundamental(cm-1) Harmonic(cm-1) Reference (km mol-1) unc. Reference
1 A' 3103   webbook      
2 A' 3028          
3 A' 3000          
4 A' 2800          
5 A' 1724          
6 A' 1625          
7 A' 1420          
8 A' 1360          
9 A' 1275          
10 A' 1158          
11 A' 912          
12 A' 564          
13 A' 327          
14 A" 993          
15 A" 980          
16 A" 959          
17 A" 593          
18 A" 157          

vibrational zero-point energy: 12989.0 cm-1 (from fundamental vibrations)
Calculated vibrational frequencies for CH2CHCHO (Acrolein).
Rotational Constants (cm-1) rotational constants
See section I.F.4 to change rotational constant units
A B C reference comment
1.57954 0.15542 0.14152 1966Che/Cos:104

Calculated rotational constants for CH2CHCHO (Acrolein).
Product of moments of inertia moments of inertia
137884.7amu3Å6   6.31370337930563E-115gm3 cm6
Geometric Data
picture of Acrolein

Point Group Cs


Internal coordinates
distances (r) in Å, angles (a) in degrees, dihedrals (d) in degrees
Description Value unc. Connectivity Reference Comment
Atom 1 Atom 2 Atom 3 Atom 4
rCC 1.468 0.003 1 2 1984Blo/Gra:7427-7431
rCC 1.341 0.004 2 3 1984Blo/Gra:7427-7431
rCO 1.215 0.002 1 4 1984Blo/Gra:7427-7431
rCH 1.113 0.003 1 5 1984Blo/Gra:7427-7431
rCH 1.084 0.004 2 6 1984Blo/Gra:7427-7431
rCH 1.089 0.007 3 8 1984Blo/Gra:7427-7431
rCH 1.081 0.003 3 7 1984Blo/Gra:7427-7431
aCCC 120.3 0.3 1 2 3 1984Blo/Gra:7427-7431
aCCO 123.9 0.3 2 1 4 1984Blo/Gra:7427-7431
aHCC 114.7 0.2 2 1 5 1984Blo/Gra:7427-7431
aHCC 122.4 0.5 3 2 6 1984Blo/Gra:7427-7431
aHCC 122.2 0.6 2 3 7 1984Blo/Gra:7427-7431
aHCC 119.8 0.3 2 3 8 1984Blo/Gra:7427-7431
aHCO 121.3 0.3 4 1 5 1984Blo/Gra:7427-7431
aHCC 117.3 0.4 1 2 6 1984Blo/Gra:7427-7431
aHCH 118 0.3 7 3 8 1984Blo/Gra:7427-7431
dCCCO 180 3 2 1 4 1984Blo/Gra:7427-7431

Cartesians
Atom x (Å) y (Å) z (Å)
C1 -0.1496 -0.7423 0.0000
C2 0.0000 0.7200 0.0000
C3 1.2291 1.2662 0.0000
O4 -1.2313 -1.3044 0.0000
H5 0.8007 -1.3120 0.0000
H6 -0.9066 1.3142 0.0000
H7 1.3716 2.3428 0.0000
H8 2.1072 0.6273 0.0000

Atom - Atom Distances bond lengths
Distances in Å
  C1 C2 C3 O4 H5 H6 H7 H8
C1   1.47002.43621.21901.10802.19153.43982.6399
C2 1.4700   1.34502.36952.18411.08402.12482.1093
C3 2.43621.3450   3.55832.61362.13631.08601.0860
O4 1.21902.36953.5583   2.03202.63874.48083.8571
H5 1.10802.18412.61362.0320   3.13253.69922.3383
H6 2.19151.08402.13632.63873.1325   2.49973.0912
H7 3.43982.12481.08604.48083.69922.4997   1.8666
H8 2.63992.10931.08603.85712.33833.09121.8666  

Calculated geometries for CH2CHCHO (Acrolein).

Experimental Bond Angles (degrees) from cartesians bond angles

atom1 atom2 atom3 angle         atom1 atom2 atom3 angle
C1 C2 C3 119.800 C1 C2 H6 117.400
C2 C1 O4 123.300 C2 C1 H5 115.100
C2 C3 H7 121.500 C2 C3 H8 120.000
C3 C2 H6 122.800 O4 C1 H5 121.600
H7 C3 H8 118.500

Bond descriptions


Examples: C-C single bond, C=C, double bond, C#C triple bond, C:C aromatic bond
Bond Type Count
C-C 1
C=C 1
C=O 1
H-C 4

Connectivity
Atom 1 Atom 2
C1 C2
C1 O4
C1 H5
C2 C3
C2 H6
C3 H7
C3 H8
Electronic energy levels (cm-1)
Energy (cm-1) Degeneracy reference description
0 1   1A'
Dipole, Quadrupole and Polarizability
Electric dipole moment dipole
State Config State description Conf description Exp. min. Dipole (Debye) Reference comment Point Group Components
x y z total dipole quadrupole
1 1 1A' CS trans True 3.052 0.630 0.000 3.117 1984Blo/Gra:7427-7431 MW μ0 +-0.004 Cs 2 3
1 2 1A' CS cis False 2.010 1.573 0.000 2.552 1982Blo/Bau:55-58 MW μ0
Experimental dipole measurement abbreviations: MW microwave; DT Dielectric with Temperature variation; DR Indirect (usually an upper limit); MB Molecular beam
Calculated electric dipole moments for CH2CHCHO (Acrolein).
Electric quadrupole moment quadrupole
State Config State description Conf description Exp. min. Quadrupole (D Å) Reference comment Point Group Components
xx yy zz dipole quadrupole
1 1 1A' CS trans True 3.300 -2.500 -0.800 1971Fly/Ben:225 Qxx=-2.5+-1.1, Qyy=3.3+-1.7, Qzz=-0.8+-2.2 Cs 2 3
1 2 1A' CS cis False      

Calculated electric quadrupole moments for CH2CHCHO (Acrolein).
Electric dipole polarizability (Å3) polarizability
alpha unc. Reference
6.379   1998Gus/Rui:163

Calculated electric dipole polarizability for CH2CHCHO (Acrolein).

References
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squib reference DOI
1966Che/Cos:104 EA Cherniak, CC Costain, "Microwave Spectrum and Molecular Structure of trans-Acrolein" J. Chem. Phys. 45, 104, 1966 10.1063/1.1727291
1971Fly/Ben:225 WH Flygare, RC Benson "The molecular Zeeman effect in diamagnetic molecules and the determination of molecular magnetic moments (g values), magnetic susceptibilities, and molecular quadrupole moments" Mol. Phys. 1971, 20 (2), 225-250 10.1080/00268977100100221
1982Blo/Bau:55-58 CE Blom, A Bauder "MICROWAVE SPECTRUM, ROTATIONAL CONSTANTS AND DIPOLE MOMENT OF S-CIS ACROLElN"  
1984Blo/Gra:7427-7431 CE Blom, G Grassi, A Bauder "Molecular Structure of s-cis- and s-trans-Acrolein Determined by Microwave Spectroscopy" J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 24, 7427-7431 10.1021/ja00336a022
1998Gus/Rui:163 M Gussoni, R Rui, G Zerbi "Electronic and relaxation contribution to linear molecular polarizability. An analysis of the experimental values" J. Mol. Struct. 447 (1998) 163-215 10.1016/S0022-2860(97)00292-5
TRC Frenkel, M; Marsh, K.N.; Wilhoit, R.C.; Kabo, G.J.; Roganov, G.N.,Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds in the Gas State,Thermodynamics Research Center, College Station, TX, 1994  
webbook NIST Chemistry Webbook (http://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry) 10.18434/T4D303

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